Vol 10, No 1 (2024)

BACKGROUND: This study considers chipping of persons who have committed sexual crimes against minors as an alternative to chemical castration. The fact that the issue of punishment for crimes against sexual inviolability of minors is less prioritized than the issue of prevention of these crimes is confirmed by disappointing statistics.

AIM: To identify the advantages and disadvantages of chipping pedophiles in comparison with chemical castration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed the current legislation of Kazakhstan on the issue of chemical castration and chipping of pedophiles. SWOT analysis was used to determine the positive and negative aspects of chipping in pedophiles.

RESULTS: Currently, the chipping of certain categories of citizens is illegal; however, there exists a legislative regulation of the use of electronic means of tracking suspects and convicted persons. Such means may well include biochips, and the expediency of enshrining chipping in criminal legislation as another coercive measure of medical nature has been substantiated.

CONCLUSION: Chipping is cheaper than chemical castration from an economic point of view and safer from a medical point of view. The only reason chipping remains inferior to chemical castration is the issue of legislative regulation and data security, the solution of which is a matter of time.

In conclusion, chipping pedophiles is a more effective and cheaper alternative to chemical castration. SWOT analysis showed the strengths and weaknesses of chipping pedophiles and the opportunities of this technology and potential threats to its use. Thus, the predominance of the strengths of technology over its weaknesses was revealed.

This article describes the aspects of conducting a remote medical examination. The norms of the criminal procedure legislation of Kazakhstan and foreign countries regulating the procedure for conducting medical examinations, remote investigative actions, and scientific publications of researchers in the field of medicine are considered. A literature review on the study topic revealed studies of scientists on aspects of conducting medical examinations, problems arising during their production, and a description of individual medical cases conducted remotely and noted the lack of comprehensive holistic studies, including an algorithm of actions, the legal basis for conducting a medical examination in a remote format, and the practical advantages of their production.

Considering the generalization of scientific works and analysis of domestic and foreign legislation on the subject, the authors propose an algorithm for conducting medical examinations in an online format. In the present work, a SWOT analysis of remote medical examinations was performed, and the positive and negative aspects of the introduction of remote medical examinations were determined. The trends and risks of their implementation in practice are considered.

Based on the analysis of the national mechanism for conducting medical examinations and research and adaptation of the norms of foreign legislation on the issue under consideration, proposals have been formulated to improve the steps of medical examinations. The proposed algorithm for conducting remote medical examinations will allow solving some practical problems, which will significantly increase the efficiency of their production.

The article discusses the use of artificial intelligence to identify violations and deficiencies in forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies and chipping employees of criminal prosecution agencies to prevent illegal investigative methods, including torture.

The legislation of foreign countries regulating the procedures for conducting medical research and investigating cases of torture is considered.

Regarding obtaining high-quality materials for examining the scene of an accident and using their results during a forensic medical study, the authors proposed a modular kit for recording the results of an inspection of the scene (utility model patent dated August 4, 2023).

This study proposed a procedure for using artificial intelligence to improve the quality of work of criminal prosecution bodies and forensic institutions. A SWOT analysis of the use of artificial intelligence to improve the quality of law enforcement agencies and forensic institutions was conducted. Based on the results, the positive and negative aspects of the use of artificial intelligence were determined.

Based on the analysis of the national mechanism for conducting forensic research, proposals have been developed to improve the work of investigators and forensic experts.

This article presents the results of research regarding the chipping of certain types of persons.

The authors aimed to determine the effectiveness of this mechanism for protecting personal data, as an examination tool, and for medical purposes.

The norms of the legislation of Kazakhstan and foreign countries concerning chipping, scientific publications on the subject, and the conduct of expert examinations were studied. Studies in which the problems of computer-technical examinations and successful application of the newest technologies in medicine and forensic medical examinations were singled out. Notably, there are no holistic studies concerning the possibility of chipping citizens or the application of this technology in various aspects, including forensic examinations.

According to research results, generalization of scientists’ works, and analysis of legislation, chipping of individual citizens was proposed. In this study, SWOT analysis of the issues related to the chipping of certain types of persons for the protection of personal data and for other purposes was performed. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the implementation of this technology were considered.

Based on the analysis and research of the legislation, chipping of law enforcement officers, civil servants, employees of organizations that have access to state databases of personal data, and employees of organizations that are the owner or operator of non-state databases has been proposed. The proposed mechanism has several advantages and may increase security, reduce unauthorized access to information, and minimize the probable unlawful manifestations in relation to personal data and data with limited access.

This study examines the possibility of using juvenile offender identification technologies such as chipping and DNA identification. Chipping requires finding a balance between security and respect for the child’s privacy. The use of newer genetic technologies is promising. The creation of a DNA database contributes to the improvement of law enforcement agencies, especially by increasing the possibility of criminal identification. However, the collection of genetic material from minors is challenging for several reasons, which requires ways to overcome them.

To study the problems and prospects of the use of information and communication technologies in the identification of juvenile offenders in Kazakhstan, a comparative legal analysis is used, which allows to identify the possibility of using chipping and genomic identification. Currently, the Kazakhstani society rejects the possibility of chipping people, much less children. Therefore, it is crucial to consider all aspects and carefully analyze possible consequences before deciding on this technology.

Presently, the activity of law enforcement agencies of the republic is unthinkable without the use of information technologies. To improve this process, new modern systems of personal identification and a database of biometric parameters should be developed. The main obstacle of chipping in minors in any of its variants (implanting a chip under the skin or sewing it into school uniforms) is legislative regulation and ethical barriers, whereas the unique biometric technology — DNA identification — has several advantages in establishing the identity of citizens, including minors. In this regard, there is a need for a unified legislative regulation of state biometric registration.

The comparative analysis of technologies showed that DNA identification is a more promising and regulated procedure at this stage. Thus, possible directions for the use of this method in the course of establishing the identity of a minor are described.

This article discusses the prospects for introducing innovative technologies in the form of virtual and augmented reality when conducting forensic examinations of certain categories of criminal cases, such as violations of labor protection rules. Problematic aspects are revealed when conducting inspections of crime scenes in hard-to-reach areas with possible risks to people.

Based on a generalization of scientific works and practical experience of foreign countries, the application of innovations in scientific and technological progress in forensic examinations were analyzed.

The authors proposed an algorithm for conducting forensic examination in the field of labor protection using virtual reality technology, as well as its further application in legal proceedings. The proposed algorithm can serve as basis for the development of more effective and safe methods for conducting forensic examinations in virtual reality.

The development of detailed 3D injury models that simulate real-life accident scenarios will enable more accurate and objective injury assessments. Moreover, compared to traditional forensics, the use of virtual reality technology ensures high accuracy of measurements and coverage of the entire object under investigation, significantly reduces operating time, and stores all received information in its original state, which is an excellent opportunity to recreate the scene of an incident in real time.

The introduction of virtual reality into forensic examination in cases of violation of labor protection rules will contribute to efficiency, objectivity, completeness, and ensuring the reliability of not only the conclusions of forensic examinations but also legal proceedings in general. Additionally, this direction of technology development represents significant benefits for the judicial system, contributing to the reduction of time and fair trials in the field of labor protection and in other categories of criminal cases.

The author reviews the scientific and practical publication prepared by the Doctor of Medical Sciences, associate Professor M.A. Kislov, titled “Forensic neuropathology. Craniocerebral and spinal injury.”

The manual contains a detailed and accurate analysis of the pathological, physical, biochemical, and molecular genetic processes involved in nervous system disorders in cases of head and cervical spinal column injuries.

The scientific work is a timely review of the latest achievements in the field of clinical and forensic neuropathology.

This publication is recommended to doctors of forensic medical experts, pathologists, neuropathologists, neurosurgeons, and doctors of other specialties interested in and dealing with central nervous system disorders of traumatic genesis.

On December 7, 2023, the Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation jointly with the Forensic Medical Expertise Bureau of the Moscow Health Department held the XVII Scientific and Practical Conference of young scientists and specialists "Forensic Science and Practice". The conference was attended by future forensic physicians ― students, residents and postgraduates, teachers of forensic medicine departments of medical universities of the Russian Federation, as well as novice forensic experts and their experienced supervisors.

Professor E.Kh. Barinov in his welcoming speech to the participants of the conference told about the history of such events in Moscow, noted their scientific and practical significance, which contributes both to the formation of interest of the young generation of specialists in scientific research, and the acquisition of experience in public speaking and versatile discussions.

In the main part of the day the reports of the conference participants were delivered followed by discussion of the topics raised.

At the closing of the event, the high level of preparation of the speakers was noted and a detailed analysis of the speeches was presented. The Organising Committee wished the young scientists, specialists and their supervisors success in continuing their work on the selected topics.