Forensic characterization of signs of exposure to damaging factors of an explosion

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The use of explosives of different configurations in a confined space affects the surrounding objects, including the civilian population. The effects of explosion in the considered conditions of explosive trauma correspond to those typical for explosive damage, which were considered in the forensic characterization of damaging factors of explosions in the explosive event under study. The injuries sustained from the impact of the damaging factors of explosions are characterized by different manifestations and corresponding sequence. This can be noted in the degree of impact of the damaging factors of explosions on the damaged object and thus contribute to the determination of the center of the explosion.

AIM: To determine the extent of the impact of damaging factors of explosions on the damaged object by morphological signs of explosive damage in the investigated circumstances of the explosion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival materials of forensic medical examinations of fatal cases of explosive trauma of mass character in conditions of confined space were studied.

RESULTS: The complex effect of damaging factors of explosions on the damaged objects has been found to cause almost instantaneous explosive damage on clothing and surface and internal injuries in the victims of the studied event. The morphological manifestations of such injuries are of a complex, multiple, combined nature. All injuries were classified considering their distribution into groups characterizing the degree of violation of morphological structures of the organism. Thus, in the general structure of all injuries according to the degree of occurrence of their signs, the following were noted: wounds and soft tissue defects (822; 23.6%), fractures (820; 23.5%), hemorrhages (820; 23.5%), bleeding (820; 23.5%), hemorrhages (805; 23.1%), skin abrasions (279; 7.9%), dislocations (215; 6.2%), organ ruptures (76; 2.2%), mechanical clothing injuries (382; 10.9%), and thermal clothing injuries (91; 2.6%).

CONCLUSION: The presented data show the morphological diversity and severity of explosive damage in the studied event, which to some extent can be considered when reconstructing the circumstances of the explosion.

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About the authors

Maksim A. Kislov

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov; Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety

Email: kislov@sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9303-7640
SPIN-code: 3620-8930

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Россия, Moscow; Moscow

Sergey V. Leonov

Chief State Center for Forensic Medicine and Forensic Expertise 111

Email: sleonoff@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4228-8973

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Россия, Moscow

Evgeny Kh. Barinov

Russian University of Medicine

Email: ev.barinov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4236-4219
SPIN-code: 2112-4568

MD, Dr. Sci (Medicine), Professor

Россия, Moscow

Egor A. Akulinichev

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: egor40rus@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-2142-151X
Россия, Moscow

Dmitry A. Zotkin

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: zotkin.dmitriy.83@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2419-5952
SPIN-code: 9263-0002
Россия, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Damaging explosion factors in the investigated events and the corresponding ranks of their impact on the victims. ВГ ― explosive gases; УВ ― shock wave; ВВ ― explosive substance; ОВУ ― explosive device fragments; СД ― combined effect of explosive gases, shock wave, explosive device fragments; ВФ ― secondary factors of explosion; УПр ― impact on an object during a fall.

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3. Fig. 2. The structure of the of the damaging effects of an explosion causing the formation of explosive damage in the event under study (٪). ВГ ― explosive gases; УВ ― shock wave; ВФВ ― secondary factors of the explosion; ЧВВ ― explosive particles; ОВУ ― explosive fragments; УД ― impact on an object during a fall; СД ― combined effect of explosive gases, shock wave, explosive device fragments.

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4. Fig. 3. The structure of the distribution of explosive damage by distances from the center of the explosion to the damaged object in the event under study (%).

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
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