暴露于爆炸破坏因素迹象的法医学特征描述

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论证。在密闭空间内使用各种结构的爆炸装置会对周围物体，包括平民产生不同的影响。在所考虑的爆炸创伤条件下，爆炸破坏因素的影响与爆炸伤害特征相对应，这在爆炸破坏因素的法医特征描述中得到了考虑。在爆炸破坏因素影响下形成的伤害具有各种表现形式和相应的顺序，可以用爆炸破坏因素对受损物体的影响程度来表示，从而有助于确定爆炸中心。

该研究的目的是在调查的爆炸环境中，通过形态学上的爆炸破坏迹象来确定爆炸破坏因素对受损物体的影响程度，这对重建爆炸环境是必要的。

材料与方法。这项研究是根据在密闭空间条件下对大规模爆炸伤致死案件进行的法医鉴定档案材料文件进行的。

结果。研究发现了，爆炸破坏因素对受损物体的复杂影响几乎会在瞬间对所研究事件的受害者的衣物、身体表层和内部结构造成爆炸伤害。此类伤害的形态表现具有复杂、多重、组合、综合的特点。所有伤害都根据身体形态结构受损程度的分布情况进行了分类。因此，在所有伤害的总体结构中，根据受害者在所研究事件中出现的症状程度，有伤口和软组织缺损（822；23.6%）、骨折（820；23.5%）、出血（805；23.1%）、皮肤擦伤（279；7.9%）、挤压伤（215；6.2%）、内脏破裂（76；2.2%）、衣物机械伤害（382；10.9%）和衣物热伤（91；2.6%）。

结论。所提供的数据说明了所研究事件中爆炸伤的形态多样性和严重程度，在一定程度上可以在重建爆炸环境时加以考虑。

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作者简介

Maksim A. Kislov

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov; Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety

Email: kislov@sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9303-7640
SPIN 代码: 3620-8930

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Sergey V. Leonov

Chief State Center for Forensic Medicine and Forensic Expertise 111

Email: sleonoff@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4228-8973

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Evgeny Kh. Barinov

Russian University of Medicine

Email: ev.barinov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4236-4219
SPIN 代码: 2112-4568

MD, Dr. Sci (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Egor A. Akulinichev

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: egor40rus@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-2142-151X
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Dmitry A. Zotkin

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: zotkin.dmitriy.83@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2419-5952
SPIN 代码: 9263-0002

N.V.Sklifosovsky临床医学研究所人体解剖学和组织学系高级讲师，I.M.谢切诺夫第一莫斯科国立医科大学（谢切诺夫大学）

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Damaging explosion factors in the investigated events and the corresponding ranks of their impact on the victims. ВГ ― explosive gases; УВ ― shock wave; ВВ ― explosive substance; ОВУ ― explosive device fragments; СД ― combined effect of explosive gases, shock wave, explosive device fragments; ВФ ― secondary factors of explosion; УПр ― impact on an object during a fall.

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3. Fig. 2. The structure of the of the damaging effects of an explosion causing the formation of explosive damage in the event under study (٪). ВГ ― explosive gases; УВ ― shock wave; ВФВ ― secondary factors of the explosion; ЧВВ ― explosive particles; ОВУ ― explosive fragments; УД ― impact on an object during a fall; СД ― combined effect of explosive gases, shock wave, explosive device fragments.

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4. Fig. 3. The structure of the distribution of explosive damage by distances from the center of the explosion to the damaged object in the event under study (%).

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