Forensic and forensic aspects of childhood traumatism as a result of domestic injuries and traffic accidents (literature review).

Childhood injuries are a major cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. According to recent data, about 5 million children die each year from injuries. Worldwide about 1 million children under 18 years old die each year as a result of injury, and more than 2000 children die each day, of which child injuries account for 5.4% (265 000-348 000) of child deaths annually worldwide. A detailed analysis of the epidemiology of childhood injuries can provide possible insights into their prevention and early intervention to reduce future disability due to childhood injuries.

The aim of our literature review is to investigate the specificity of child body injuries in accidents and road traffic accidents and their qualitative difference from adult injuries, and to review current techniques for the detection, fixation and recovery of child body trauma in a forensic investigation.

A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Ebscohost, Medline, The Cosrane Library, SpringerLink, Web of Knowledge, Paragraph Medicine, ScienceDirect databases. The depth of the search was 13 years: from 2010 to 2023. Inclusion criteria were: reports of randomised and cohort studies conducted on large populations; meta-analyses and systematic reviews; articles in English, Russian. Exclusion criteria were: articles describing single cases and case series; articles published earlier than 2010; materials with no evidence base, abstracts of reports, abstracts and newspaper articles. Out of 56 literature sources, 44 were selected as analytical material for this article.