卷 4, 编号 3 (2018)

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Targeted indicators of mortality reduction from individual causes that have the greatest impact on the medical and demographic situation in the country and are aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of citizens of the Russian Federation and increasing their life expectancy are approved by the may Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation of 2012 and 2018. In the course of the successful implementation of the May decrees of 2012, it was noted that one of the important tasks in public health was the increase in the reliability of data on the causes of mortality of the population. In recent years, many health forums have emphasized that, despite the objectification of a number of death rates in Russia, certain successes in improving the quality of postmortem diagnoses, medical certificates of death and coding the causes of death according to ICD-10 remain controversial in the current regulatorymethodical documents on the rules for the formulation and coding of diagnoses. There are frequent mistakes in the formulation of diagnoses and medical certificates of death, which lead to a distortion of the death rates of the population from individual causes. The XXV Congress of the Man and the Medicine (2018) formulated the main problems leading to errors in the selection and coding of the ICD-10 initial cause of death and subsequent assessment of mortality rates from individual causes, and an interdisciplinary working group was set up for their prompt decision, under the leadership of the Department monitoring, analysis and strategic development of health of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

Research carried out using mathematical model and algorithm for generalized evaluation of health indicators and subsequent analysis of mortality as a result of infrequent cases in road accidents, which allow rank mortality and deaths in the country’s regions, highlighting the most problematic regions in comparison with the entities with less lethal population. That provides an analytical approach to epidemiology fatality in accidents in various regions of the country and to assess their progress.

The article discusses the reliability of statistical data on the death of residents of the Tula region, who died in 2017 from injuries to the head. The analysis showed that injuries to the head are 18,8 % in the structure of all injuries, while the errors in the choice of the underlying cause of death were 32,3 %. Medical death certificates lack information on other injuries, which does not allow analysis of mortality for multiple causes.

When carrying out facial reconstruction of a corpse there is a need of correctness assessment of the performed works. In the present article we offer a method of determining the corpse face’s appearance to the life form by tool methods.

The article describes the case of a stab wound of the head penetrating into the cavity of the skull. As a result of the wound, the knife blade remained fixed in the bones of the skull and was removed during surgery in the hospital. Two months after the trauma, the patient showed no marked deviations in the general neurological and mental status during the examination.

The article gives a classification of trauma conditions and a tracological characterization of the traumatic parts of the horse’s body. A case from the expert practice of a bite of a horse ended with a fatal damage is described.

The article is devoted to the organization of the training process and the formation of the competence of a forensic doctor.

The current situation on the use of the family of international classifications in Russia is presented. The great role of international classifications and automated coding systems in the formation of adequate data on public health is noted. The activity of the Collaborating center on the family of international classifications in the Russian Federation is considered. Prospects of transition of the Russian Federation to ICD of the eleventh revision are presented.

The article is devoted to the history of Russian forensic medicine in the period from 10th century to November, 1918 – the date of foundation of the forensic medical service of the Moscow Region. Ten centuries of development of the service can be divided into two stages: ancient times and imperial period. Establishing of national forensic medicine is analyzed in the context of the history of Russian state system as a whole.