跌落致伤情形重建：一例法医学案例分析

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详细

仅凭法医学数据确定损伤形成的具体情形在实践中并非总是可行。在某些情况下，借助数学计算对事件动力学的分析，可用于重建机械性损伤的形成条件。

以一名女性从十楼坠落的法医学案例为例，展示在缺乏目击证据的情况下，生物力学（数学）分析在综合动力-运动学法医学鉴定中对跌落致伤情形重建的有效性。

一名年轻女性的尸体被发现于居民楼外的草坪上，其公寓位于第十层，她与男友共同居住。由于存在犯罪嫌疑，俄罗斯联邦侦查委员会对该事件立案调查。男友称其跳楼自尽，但现场调查资料对其供述的真实性提出质疑。为解决死者坠落前是否受到附加“初速度”作用的问题，指定开展由法医专家与工程数学专家共同参与的综合动力-运动学法医学鉴定。构建的数学模型使专家能够判断在无额外外力作用的情况下，即在自发跌落的情形下，身体应首先接触地面的部位。将实际的医学资料与计算结果进行对比后发现，死者坠落前身体确实获得了额外的初始速度。

本案例展示了计算模拟作为数字化工具在法医学中用于客观选择机械性损伤多种可能形成机制之一的应用价值。

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作者简介

Andrey V. Svetlakov

Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: a_svetlakov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3635-6845
SPIN 代码: 4066-6630

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Perm

Airat A. Khalikov

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: airat.expert@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1045-5677
SPIN 代码: 1895-7300

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Ufa

Aleksandr V. Sotin

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

Email: sotin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3889-8023
SPIN 代码: 7171-5767

Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Perm

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2. Fig. 1. Graph of the dependence of the distance from the point of fall to the wall of the building (the perpendicular of fall) on the angle of inclination of the woman's body at the moment of separation from the support. L is the distance from the point of fall (the center of mass of the body) to the perpendicular of fall (the wall of the building); α is the angle of inclination of the body at the moment of separation from the support. The red line shows the distance from the wall of the house to the center of mass of the woman's body, measured at the scene of the incident.

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