炎热干旱区条件下心肌结构死后自溶变化的特征和变动

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详细

论证。确定死亡时间是对死于各种外部影响的人尸体进行法医学鉴定过程中的主要问题。最近,这个问题引起了法医学领域越来越多研究人员的关注,他们的工作重点是寻找解决这一复杂问题的新方法。

该研究的目的是揭示绞死后在不同阶段中心肌结构的自溶变化过程,从而确定死亡时间。

材料与方法。我们研究了 132 具因机械性上吊窒息而死亡人尸体的心肌组织学结构。死者中有 112 名男生和 20 名女生,年龄在 18 至 61 岁之间。死后时期从 6-14 小时到 72-76 小时不等,其中在 6.00-8.00(9.8%)、9.00-10.00(9.1%)、11.00-12.00(8.3%) 和 13.00-16.00(7.6%)时间间隔内发生的上吊案例最多。其他死后时期的案例占 6.8% 至 3.8%。在泽拉夫尚河山谷地区,包括乌兹别克斯坦的主要区域,一年中的高温季节通常持续 3.6 个月,从 5 月 27 日到 9 月 14 日,最高日平均气温至少为 28-32ºC。一年中的最热月份是 7 月,最高平均温度为 42-45ºC。寒冷季节平均持续 3.5 个月,从 11 月 25 日到次年 3 月 4 日,最低日平均气温低于 8-11ºC 。根据这一观察结果,死者被分为以下几组:在相对较低的环境温度(-7....+14℃)下死亡的—63 人;在中等温度(7-20℃)下死亡的—46 人;在高温(至少 25-30℃)下死亡的—23 人。除环境温度外,还考虑了其他因素:湿度、气压、风速等。

结果。在高气温条件下,绞死死亡后的心肌细胞从 9-10 小时开始出现自溶变化,到 25-28 小时,细胞溶解面积增加。在中等环境温度条件下,11-12 小时后观察到心肌细胞发生类似变化 ,25-28 小时后观察到心肌细胞干瘪;在低温条件下,13-14 小时和 25-28小时后分别观察到类似情况。在高温条件下,血管结构从死后 19-20 小时开始出现破坏性变化,这一时期血管周围空间明显扩大;在中温条件下,到21-22 小时出现这种情况;在低温条件下,23-24 小时后出现这种情况。在高温条件下,绞死后血管中的血液成分在死后 11-12 小时后发生自溶;在中温条件下,在 13-14 小时后发生自溶;在低温条件下,在 15-16 小时后发生自溶。因此,根据外部环境的温度条件,血管结构和心肌血管内成分的自溶变化会在不同死后期间发生。

结论。考虑到尸体现象发展程度的评估结果和超生反应的结果,给出的数据可用于法医学实践,根据干旱地区的温度条件确定绞死后的死亡时间。

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作者简介

Sayit I. Indiaminov

Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Forensic Medical Examination; Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: omadlikun@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9735-0338

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

乌兹别克斯坦, Tashkent; Tashkent

Ziyadulla E. Zhumanov

Samarkand State Medical Institute

Email: omadlikun@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7777-4288

Dr. Sci. (Philosophy), Assistant Professor

乌兹别克斯坦, Samarkand

Sofya A. Blinova

Samarkand State Medical Institute

Email: sofiya2709@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9096-1774

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

乌兹别克斯坦, Samarkand

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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Cytolysis of cardiomyocytes and marked vascular destruction. Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Ob. 40, ok. 10. Duration of death 24–26 hours.

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3. Fig. 2. Shrinkage of cardiomyocytes. Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Ob. 40, ok. 10. Duration of death 13–14 hours.

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4. Fig. 3. Pronounced destruction of blood vessels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Ob. 40, ok. 10. Duration of death 24–28 hours.

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