在对骨骼残骸进行综合检查时进行身份识别的可能性：实践案例

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详细

用骨骼残骸的身份识别是法医鉴定局法医部门进行的最复杂的检查类型之一。在检查所发现的骨骼残骸时，第一阶段通常是确定骨骼残骸是否属于某人，然后确定该人的种族身份、性别、年龄和身高。已确定特征的总体情况对进一步的搜寻活动和具体个人的身份识别起着决定性作用。

本文介绍作者本人的一个案例。在一个森林地区发现了人类骨骼残骸。研究人员确定了，这些骨骼残骸属于一名高加索男性。受害者的身高很可能在173-183.5cm之间。尸骨的解剖和形态特征显示了，其年龄在49-56.5岁之间。此外，还通过检查放射影像进行了身份识别。这些图像属于52岁的N先生。专业鉴定是包括使用图形识别算法在内的方法进行的。作者还确认了，骨骼残骸属于N先生。

这个案例显示在对骨骼残骸进行综合检查时进行身份识别的可能性，也证实法医学中不明尸体的识别问题在今天仍然具有现实意义。然而，到目前为止，还没有在特定情况下应用哪一个身份识别方法的具体算法。这给最正确的方法选择造成更多困难。需要进一步改进不明尸体的身份识别方法。寻找新的、更简单的、易用和客观的检查方法既有科学意义，也有重大的现实意义。

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作者简介

Igor A. Tolmachev

Kirov Military Medical Academy

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: 5154324@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5893-520X
SPIN 代码: 5794-9030

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Olga S. Lavrukova

Petrozavodsk State University

Email: olgalavrukova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0620-9406
SPIN 代码: 6395-8638

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Petrozavodsk

Аleksandr V. Antipov

Forensic Medical Expertise Bureau of the Republic of Karelia

Email: sudmedexs7@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8853-9518
俄罗斯联邦, Petrozavodsk

参考

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  4. Ubelaker DH, Khosrowshahi H. Estimation of age in forensic anthropology: Historical perspective and recent methodological advances. Forensic Sci Res. 2019;4(1):1–9. doi: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1549711
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2. Fig. 1. General view of the discovered human bone remains.

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3. Fig. 2. Skull with mandible: a ― full-face; b ― profile.

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4. Fig. 3. Osteoscopic diagnosis: a ― degree of suture closure on the inner surface of the skull vault; b ― relief of the surfaces of the bosom symphysis.

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5. Fig. 4. Osteoscopic diagnosis: condition of the upper ends of the humerus (a) and femur (b) on radiographs.

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6. Fig. 5. Radiologic image of the bones constituting the right elbow joint presented to the expert.

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7. Fig. 6. Right humerus from an unidentified male corpse.

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8. Fig. 7. Radiographs of the right humerus from an unidentified male corpse (a) and the right shoulder joint of citizen N. (b).

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9. Fig. 8. Graphical identification algorithm method for establishing the identity of compared bones in multi-scale photographs.

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