Russian Journal of Forensic MedicineRussian Journal of Forensic MedicineСудебная медицина2411-87292409-4161Eco-Vector73710.17816/fm737Original study articlesОригинальные исследования原创研究Research ArticleThe variability of palm print ridge density among Egyptians regarding distribution and sex discriminationИзменчивость плотности гребней отпечатков ладоней среди египтян в зависимости от распределения и дискриминации по признаку пола根据分布和性别歧视，埃及人掌纹脊密度的变化https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-5416RamadanNazih
Egypt

MD

drnazihramadan@kasralainy.edu.eghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-5243AhmedAsmaa Mohamed Sayed
Egypt

Msc

Asmaa.m.abdallah@kasralainy.edu.egDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University24102022151120228317271407202204102022Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2022, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector2022Eco-VectorЭко-ВекторEco-Vectorhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/737

BACKGROUND: Sex determination, as a part of the biological profile of a victim or assailant, plays an important role in resolving different forensic cases as it reduces susceptibility to its half (fifty percent). Previous studies highlighted the role of palm print in sex identification, however, these studies were little when compared to fingerprints.

AIM: To estimate the density of palm print ridges and to make an equation for establishing gender using gender parameters for a specific population (Egyptians).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 200 healthy young adults (113 males and 87 males, aged 18–22 years) from Cairo city, Egypt. The palm prints were taken by inking method and four areas of the palm print were analyzed to count the ridge density of each palm print area.

RESULTS: Females describe higher ridge density than males in all palm areas with a significant high statistical difference (p <0.001) for all areas of both hands. The areas of highest sexual discriminatory power for the right palm was Palmar area 4 (P4) and for the left palm was Palmar area 1 (P1) and sex could be accurately identified at an accuracy of 70%. In addition, there was a significant correlation for ridge density in each palm area and other palm areas.

CONCLUSION: The current study raises hope for the usage of palm print a newly added tool for sex identification in the forensic field, thus decreasing suspicion by fifty percent.

Обоснование. Определение пола как части биологического профиля жертвы или преступника играет важную роль в судебно-медицинских расследованиях и позволяет увеличить количество случаев успешного установления личности на 50%. Среди ранее опубликованных исследований гораздо больше тех, которые посвящены роли отпечатков пальцев в идентификации пола, тогда как отпечаткам ладоней до сих пор уделялось меньшее значение.

Цель исследования ― оценить плотность гребней отпечатков ладоней и составить уравнение для установления пола с помощью гендерных параметров для конкретной популяции (египтян).

Материал и методы. Исследование проводилось с участием 200 условно здоровых молодых людей (113 мужчин и 87 женщин в возрасте 18–22 лет) родом из г. Каира (Египет). Отпечатки ладоней снимали красковым методом, после чего определяли плотность гребней на каждой из четырёх областей отпечатка.

Результаты. Женщины имеют более высокую плотность гребней, чем мужчины, во всех областях ладоней со значимо высокой статистической разницей (p <0,001) для всех областей обеих рук. Область с наиболее выраженной дискриминационной способностью на правой ладони ― четвёртая (P4), на левой ― первая (P1). При этом пол нам удалось определить с точностью до 70%. Кроме того, наблюдалась значительная корреляция показателей плотности гребней в каждой области ладони с другими её областями.

Заключение. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о целесообразности использования отпечатков ладоней в качестве инструмента для определения пола в судебной медицине, что позволяет уменьшить количество сомнительных случаев на 50%.

论证。作为受害者或犯罪者生物特征的一部分，性别鉴定在法医调查中起着重要的作用，并可以使成功查明身份的数量增加50%。在之前发表的研究中，更多关注指纹在性别鉴定中的作用，而手掌印至今为止受到的关注较少。

该研究的目的是估计手掌印脊的密度，并使用特定人群（埃及人）的性别参数制定一个鉴定性别的方程式。

材料与方法。该研究涉及来自埃及开罗市的200名相当健康的年轻人（113名男性和87名女性，年龄在18-22岁）。手掌印是通过颜料方法而取得的，然后确定手掌印每四个区域掌纹脊的密度。

结果。女性手掌所有区域的脊密度均高于男性，双手所有区域的统计差异较高 （p <0.001 ）。右手掌辨别能力最明显的区域为第四（P4），左侧为第一（P1）。同时，我们能够确定性别，准确率为70%。同时，我们能够以高达70%的准确率确定性别。

结论。研究结果表明，在法医学中使用手掌印作为确定性别的工具是可行的，可以将可疑病例的数量减少50%。

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