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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">734</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of damage to the ribs by a blade with a defective tip</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности повреждений рёбер клинком с дефектом острия</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Features of damage to the ribs by a blade with a defective tip</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-1759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurov</surname><given-names>Vladislav D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуров</surname><given-names>Владислав Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gurov</surname><given-names>Vladislav D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>gurovlad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-4054</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2015-6548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klevno</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клевно</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Klevno</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>vladimir.klevno@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-12"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-03-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/734">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/734</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Stab wounds are a common injury in the practice of a forensic pathologist. Such damage often occurs in domestic conditions, for example, in the kitchen during a quarrel, where knives are always at hand. The young, able-bodied portions of the population are frequent victims, which makes the problem socially significant.</p> <p>Knives that have been used for a long time are rarely in perfect condition; operational defects occur on them. For example, repeated sharpening results in the rounding of the tip of the blade. Moreover, during operation, the tip of the blade can bend or even break off. However, before studying the effects of such blades on flat bones, studying the history of this issue, to familiarize with the work of other scientists, is necessary.</p> <p>In the literature review, authors of studies on stab-cut injuries focused more on damage to the skin and clothing. Morphological features of skeletal bone injuries and the possibility of identification studies on them until the XXI century were described poorly.</p> <p>To improve the forensic medical diagnosis of rib injuries caused by blades with point defects based on the study of a complex of morphological features, experimental studies on cadaveric materials are necessary.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Колото-резаные раны являются наиболее распространёнными повреждениями в практике судебно-медицинского эксперта. К тому же такие ранения люди чаще получают в бытовых условиях, например во время ссоры на кухне, где ножи всегда под рукой. Стоит отметить, что страдает молодая, трудоспособная часть населения, что делает проблему социально значимой.</p> <p>Кухонные ножи при долгом использовании имеют эксплуатационные дефекты. Например, в результате многократных заточек остриё клинка закругляется, а в процессе эксплуатации ― может загнуться или вовсе отломиться. Но прежде, чем заняться изучением воздействия таких клинков на плоские кости, необходимо изучить историю вопроса, ознакомиться с работами других учёных.</p> <p>В ходе изучения научной литературы установлено, что при исследовании колото-резаных повреждений авторы в большей мере акцентируют внимание на повреждениях кожного покрова и одежды. Морфологические особенности повреждений костей скелета и возможности идентификационных исследований по ним до XXI века были описаны достаточно скудно.</p> <p>С целью улучшения судебно-медицинской диагностики повреждений рёбер, причинённых клинками с дефектами острия, на основе изучения комплекса морфологических признаков необходимо проведение экспериментальных исследований на трупном материале.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在法医专家实践中切刺伤是最常见的损伤。而且这种损伤更有可能发生在家里，例如， 在厨房争吵时，因为在手头一直会有一个刀子。值得注意的是，受影响的是有劳动能力的年经人，所以这个问题是社会意义的。</p> <p>长期使用后菜刀会有使用的缺陷。比如说，多次磨尖后剑刃尖端变圆，使用过程中会变弯或折断。但研究这种剑刃这样的刀片对扁骨的影响之前，先要研究该问题的历史，查看其它专家的文章。</p> <p>我们在研究科学文献过程中发现了，作者在调查切刺伤时更注重皮肤和衣服的伤害。直到21世纪，对骨骼损伤的形态特征和对其进行鉴定研究的可能性都被描述得较差。</p> <p>为了改善用缺陷的剑刃造成的肋骨损害的法医诊断，必须在研究形态特征的基础上对尸体材料进行实验研究。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>experimental studies</kwd><kwd>point defects</kwd><kwd>stab injuries</kwd><kwd>forensic medicine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспериментальные исследования</kwd><kwd>дефекты острия</kwd><kwd>колото-резаные повреждения</kwd><kwd>судебная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>实验性研究</kwd><kwd>剑刃的缺陷</kwd><kwd>切刺伤</kwd><kwd>法医学</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deveterikov AA, Kulikova DV, Vlasyuk IV. 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