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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">733</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm733</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспертная практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>临床病例报告</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and morphological features of malignant hyperthermia: a rare case from practice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические и морфологические особенности злокачественной гипертермии: редкий случай из практики</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>恶性高热的临床和形态学特征：一例来自实践的罕见病例</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1834-7881</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5222-7003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anichkov</surname><given-names>Nikolai M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аничков</surname><given-names>Николай Мильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Anichkov</surname><given-names>Nikolai M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>anichkov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-3584</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1176-5739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>drkalinina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-8230</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7016-7086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>Zlata V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Злата Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>Zlata V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>zlata.davydova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3818-1535</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7685-0130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Васильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maestrovody@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-6043</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7765-8978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yagmurov</surname><given-names>Oraz D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ягмуров</surname><given-names>Ораз Джумаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Yagmurov</surname><given-names>Oraz D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>oraz.yagmurov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Leningrad region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы Ленинградской области</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Leningrad region</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">St. Petersburg Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/733">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/733</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Malignant hyperthermia, is one of the most serious complications of modern anesthesia, which is a pharmacogenetic disease phenotypically manifested by skeletal muscle hypermetabolism and rhabdomyolysis during or after general anesthesia using inhalation anesthetics. An unexpected increase in CO<sub>2 </sub>concentration at the end of exhalation is the most common initial sign of malignant hyperthermia. Atypical forms of this pharmacogenetic disease are observed much more often than lightning or fulminant. In Russia, malignant hyperthermia currently remains a problem.</p> <p>We present a case of malignant hyperthermia in a 19-year-old girl who underwent surgery for nasal breathing disorders and received Sevoran anesthesia as support. The patient died 1 h 25 min after the surgery during withdrawal from anesthesia caused by a clinically confirmed syndrome of malignant hyperthermia. Forensic autopsy confirmed this diagnosis. The morphological changes in the skeletal muscles using both plain and elective histological stains were described.</p> <p>The presented observation is valuable owing to the rarity of lightning-fast forms of malignant hyperthermia and the high lethality accompanying these pathologies. This expert case demonstrate how a competent and comprehensive histological examination, including the use of genetic testing, allows correct formulation of a diagnosis and, if necessary, reasonably answer questions from law enforcement agencies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одним из наиболее тяжёлых осложнений современной общей анестезии является злокачественная гипертермия, фенотипически проявляющаяся гиперкапнией, синусовой тахикардией, гиперметаболизмом скелетных мышц и рабдомиолизом во время или после проведения общей анестезии с применением ингаляционных анестетиков и недеполяризующих мышечных релаксантов. Наиболее частым начальным признаком злокачественной гипертермии является неожиданный подъём концентрации CO<sub>2</sub> в конце выдоха. Атипичные формы данного фармакогенетического заболевания наблюдаются намного чаще, чем молниеносные (фульминантные). В России проблема злокачественной гипертермии в настоящее время остаётся не до конца решённой.</p> <p>Авторами описывается случай злокачественной гипертермии у девушки 19 лет, прооперированной по поводу нарушения носового дыхания в условиях анестезии севораном. Смерть пациентки наступила через 1 ч 25 мин после окончания операции при выходе из наркоза вследствие развития клинически диагностированной злокачественной гипертермии. При судебно-медицинском вскрытии данный диагноз был подтверждён. Приводится описание морфологических изменений в скелетной мускулатуре с применением как обзорной, так и элективной гистологической окраски.</p> <p>Ценность представленного наблюдения обусловлена редкостью молниеносных форм злокачественной гипертермии и высокой летальностью, сопровождающих указанные варианты патологии. Материалы данного экспертного случая демонстрируют, как грамотно и полноценно проведённое гистологическое исследование, в том числе с применением генетического тестирования, позволяет верно сформулировать диагноз и в случае необходимости аргументированно ответить на вопросы правоохранительных органов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>现代全身麻醉最严重的并发症之一是恶性高热，表型表现为高碳酸血症、窦性心动过速、骨骼肌代谢亢进和横纹肌溶解或在使用吸入麻醉剂和非去极化肌肉松弛剂进行全身麻醉后。恶性高热症最常见的初始迹象是呼气结束时二氧化碳浓度突然上升。这种药物遗传性疾病的非典型形式比暴发性形式更常见。在俄罗斯恶性高热症的问题目前仍未得到解决。</p> <p>作者描述了一例19岁女孩的恶性高热，她在使用西维兰麻醉下接受了鼻腔呼吸障碍的手术。由于出现了临床诊断的恶性高热，患者在离开麻醉状态1小时25分钟后死亡。法医尸检证实了这一诊断。使用观察性和选择性的组织学染色来描述骨骼肌的形态学变化。</p> <p>所提出的观察值是由于雷电引起的恶性高热症的罕见性和伴随这些病理变体的高死亡率。这个专家案例展示了一个合格的、全面的组织学检查，包括使用基因测试，可以正确制定诊断，并在必要时对执法当局的问题作出合理的回应。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>malignant hyperthermia</kwd><kwd>anesthesia</kwd><kwd>Sevorane</kwd><kwd>ryanodine receptor</kwd><kwd>rhabdomyolysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>злокачественная гипертермия</kwd><kwd>анестезия</kwd><kwd>севоран</kwd><kwd>рианодиновые рецепторы</kwd><kwd>рабдомиолиз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>恶性高热</kwd><kwd>麻醉</kwd><kwd>塞弗兰</kwd><kwd>兰尼碱受体</kwd><kwd>横纹肌溶解</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawal TA, Wires ES, Terry NL, et al. 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