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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">732</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm732</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Forensic medical characteristics of bone fractures of the hand</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебно-медицинская характеристика закрытых переломов костей кисти</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>手骨头闭合性骨折的法医学鉴定</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-0338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Indiaminov</surname><given-names>Sayit I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Индиаминов</surname><given-names>Сайит Индиаминович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Indiaminov</surname><given-names>Sayit I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>sayit.indiaminov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-3071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shopulatov</surname><given-names>Iskandar B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шопулатов</surname><given-names>Искандар Бахтиерович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shopulatov</surname><given-names>Iskandar</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><email>iskandar_1986@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samarkand State Medical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самаркандский государственный медицинский институт</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Samarkand State Medical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-05"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-03-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/732">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/732</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The forensic medical aspects of closed bone fractures of the hands are important in connection with the need to establish the nature, mechanism of occurrence, severity, and duration of these injuries.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>This study aimed to assess the severity of closed bone fractures of the hands based on the features of the formation, course, and outcomes.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIAL AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Fractures of wrist bones (<italic>n </italic>= 24) and metacarpal bones (<italic>n </italic>= 218) were examined in persons struck by blunt objects.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Scaphoid bone fractures (81.8%) most often occurred on the side of the carpals, and fractures of other carpal bones are detected relatively less frequently (18.2%). With closed fractures of the navicular bone, especially in cases of late seeking medical help, complications such as a false joint and aseptic necrosis can be observed, causing pronounced radiocarpal joint dysfunction. In the metacarpal bones, periarticular fractures of the proximal epiphysis (49.1%) are often noted, followed by intra-articular fractures (26.6%) and periarticular diaphyseal fractures (20.6%). Complications such as finger contractures in chronic metacarpal bone fractures were most observed in intra-articular, comminuted with mixed, and transverse fractures.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Isolated uncomplicated closed fractures of wrist bones have moderate severity. Moreover, scaphoid bone fractures, complicated by a false joint and aseptic necrosis, causing severe wrist joint dysfunction, and ultimately joint immobility in a functionally disadvantageous position, according to the criterion of total disability, qualify as severe injury. The severity of the harm caused to the health of complicated and uncomplicated isolated metacarpal fractures can be classified as moderate.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Изучение судебно-медицинских аспектов закрытых переломов костей кисти представляет особый интерес в связи с необходимостью установления характера, механизма возникновения, степени тяжести и давности этих повреждений.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования</italic></bold> ― на основе изучения особенностей формирования, течения и исходов закрытых переломов костей кисти оценить тяжесть причинённого вреда здоровью.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Изучены переломы костей запястья (<italic>n</italic>=24) и пястных костей (<italic>n</italic>=218) у лиц, пострадавших от воздействия тупых предметов.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Установлено, что в структуре запястья чаще всего формируются переломы ладьевидной кости (81,8%), переломы остальных костей запястья выявляются сравнительно реже (18,2%). При закрытых переломах ладьевидной кости, особенно в случаях позднего обращения за медицинской помощью, могут наблюдаться осложнения в виде ложного сустава и асептического некроза с резко выраженными нарушениями функций лучезапястного сустава. В пястных костях часто встречаются околосуставные переломы проксимального эпифиза (49,1%), внутрисуставные переломы (26,6%), околосуставные диафизарные переломы тела (20,6%). Осложнения в виде контрактуры пальцев в отдалённом периоде переломов пястных костей чаще всего развивались при внутрисуставных, оскольчатых со смещением и поперечных переломах.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Изолированные неосложнённые закрытые переломы костей запястья квалифицируются как травмы средней степени тяжести. В то же время переломы ладьевидной кости, осложнённые ложным суставом и асептическим некрозом с выраженными нарушениями функции лучезапястного сустава вплоть до его неподвижности, имеют функционально невыгодное положение и по критерию потери общей трудоспособности квалифицируются как тяжкие телесные повреждения. Тяжесть причинённого вреда здоровью при осложнённых и неосложнённых изолированных переломах пястных костей может быть квалифицирована как средней степени.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。因为需要确定这些损伤的性质，发生机制，严重程度和长期，所以手骨闭合性骨折的法医方面的研究是特别令人感兴趣的。</p> <p>研究目的是通过研究手骨头闭合性骨折的形成、过程和结果来评估损伤的严重程度。</p> <p>材料和方法。研究了在受害者收了钝器创伤的情况下的腕骨头（n=24）和掌骨（n=218）的骨折。</p> <p>结果。确定了，在腕结构中更常见的是手舟骨的骨折（81,8%），其他腕骨头的骨折是比较少见的（18,2%）。发生手舟骨的闭合性骨折时，尤其是在晚期就医的情况下，会出现假关节和无菌性坏死的并发症，同时桡腕关节的功能障碍是特别显著的。在掌骨中最常见的是掌骨近端骨骺的关节周围骨折（49,1%）、关节内骨折（26,6%）、关节周围的骨骺骨折（20,6%）。在掌骨骨折的长期治疗期间，手指挛缩的并发症最常发生在关节内、粉碎性和横断性骨折。</p> <p>结论。孤立的无并发症闭合性腕骨头的骨折被视为轻中度损伤。同时，舟状骨骨折，并发假关节和无菌性坏死，腕关节功能严重受损，甚至不能活动，在功能上是不利的，按照丧失一般劳动能力的标准，可以定为严重的身体伤害。并发性和无并发性的腕骨头症闭合性骨折的严重程度被视为轻中度损伤。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carpal bones</kwd><kwd>metacarpal bones</kwd><kwd>closed fractures</kwd><kwd>types of fractures</kwd><kwd>outcomes</kwd><kwd>harm to health</kwd><kwd>severity of injury</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кости запястья</kwd><kwd>пястные кости</kwd><kwd>закрытые переломы</kwd><kwd>типы переломов</kwd><kwd>исходы</kwd><kwd>вред здоровью</kwd><kwd>тяжесть травмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>腕骨头</kwd><kwd>掌骨</kwd><kwd>闭合性骨折</kwd><kwd>骨折类型</kwd><kwd>结果</kwd><kwd>危害健康</kwd><kwd>损伤的严重程度</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhmetiev VI, Buromsky IV, Kryukov VN, Nagorny MN. 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