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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">725</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm725</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of injuries in cyclists injured when other vehicles collide with the side of the body of moving bicycles</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика повреждений у велосипедистов, пострадавших при наезде других транспортных средств сбоку корпуса движущихся велосипедов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>行驶中自行车车身侧面被其他车辆撞伤的骑车人损伤特征</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-0338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Indiaminov</surname><given-names>Sayit I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Индиаминов</surname><given-names>Сайит Индиаминович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Indiaminov</surname><given-names>Sayit I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>sud-medsav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7686-1606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdumuminov</surname><given-names>Khasan N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдумуминов</surname><given-names>Хасан Норбобоевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abdumuminov</surname><given-names>Khasan N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>sud-medsav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-5182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boymanov</surname><given-names>Farxod Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойманов</surname><given-names>Фарход Холбоевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Boymanov</surname><given-names>Farxod Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент</p></bio><email>boymanovf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samarkand State Medical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самаркандский государственный медицинский институт</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Samarkand State Medical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Forensic Medical Examination, Samarkand branch</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский научно-практический центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Самаркандский филиал</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Forensic Medical Examination, Samarkand branch</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-12-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-18"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/725">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/725</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Bicycle injuries, as a separate type of traffic accidents, require forensic medical examinations to establish the mechanism, duration, and severity of injuries. Forensic medical aspects of cycling injuries are insufficiently covered in the literature.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> To study the nature and features of the injury formation in cyclists who sustained injured when other vehicles hit the side of the moving bicycle.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The results of forensic medical examinations of 51 cyclists who died when the moving bicycles collided with the side of vehicles.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The most frequently observed injuries in cyclists are traumatic brain injury (21.56%) and combined injuries, namely, head and chest (15.68%), lower extremities with trauma to the head, and chest (11.76%). Nearly all deceased cyclists sustained damage to the head (96.0%), which was characterized by the formation of a severe contusion of the brain with fractures of the parietotemporal and occipital bones. Damage to the chest and chest cavity organ was also observed frequently (50.69%). Rib fractures were noted in 74.2% of cases. Injuries to the abdominal organs were detected in 20.15% of the cases, such as liver rupture and hemorrhage in the ligaments of organs. Diaphyseal comminuted fractures of the bones of the lower leg and femur were also observed.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The most common types of injuries in deceased cyclists in a side collision of other vehicles with a moving bicycle are traumatic brain injury and combined injuries of the head, chest, and fractures of the bones of the lower extremities in combination with a head and chest injury. Damage to the head was characterized by the formation of linear, depressed, and comminuted fractures of the parietal–temporal and occipital bones. Damage to the chest was characterized by fractures of the upper ribs and bruises of the lungs. Damage to the skin, resembling a picture of a “road rash,” was noted on the anterolateral body parts.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Велосипедные травмы как отдельный вид дорожно-транспортных происшествий требуют проведения судебно-медицинских экспертиз по установлению механизма, давности и степени тяжести повреждений. Судебно-медицинские аспекты велосипедной травмы в литературе освещены недостаточно.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold><italic> <bold>исследования</bold> </italic>― изучение характера и особенностей формирования повреждений у велосипедистов, получивших травму при ударе другими транспортными средствами по боковой части движущегося велосипеда.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Проанализированы результаты судебно-медицинских экспертиз в отношении велосипедистов (<italic>n</italic>=51), погибших в результате бокового наезда транспортных средств на движущийся велосипед.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Наиболее часто наблюдаемыми повреждениями у велосипедистов являются черепно-мозговая (21,56%) и сочетанные травмы, в том числе головы и груди (15,68%), нижних конечностей и травмы головы, груди (11,76%). Повреждения структуры головы, выявленные почти у всех (96,0%) погибших велосипедистов, характеризовались формированием тяжёлого ушиба головного мозга с переломами теменно-височных и затылочной костей. Повреждения структуры груди и органов грудной полости наблюдались также часто ― в 50,69% случаев, переломы рёбер ― в 74,2%. Повреждения органов живота в виде разрыва печени и кровоизлияния в связках органов выявлены в 20,15% случаев. Наблюдались также диафизарно-оскольчатые переломы костей голени, бедренных костей.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Наиболее частыми видами травм у погибших велосипедистов при боковом наезде других транспортных средств на движущийся велосипед являются черепно-мозговая травма, а также сочетанные травмы головы, груди и переломы костей нижних конечностей в сочетании с травмой головы, груди. Поражения структуры головы характеризовались формированием линейных, вдавленно-оскольчатых переломов теменно-височных и затылочной костей. Повреждения структуры груди характеризовались переломами верхних рёбер и ушибами лёгких. Повреждения кожного покрова, напоминающие картину «дорожной сыпи», отмечались на переднебоковых частях туловища. Часто наблюдались двусторонние диафизарно-оскольчатые переломы костей нижних конечностей, в основном костей голени.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。自行车伤害作为一种单独的交通事故类型，需要法医检查以确定伤害的机制、持续时间和严重程度。文献中没有充分涵盖骑车损伤的法医方面。</p> <p>该研究的目的是研究当其他车辆撞到行驶中的自行车侧面时受伤的骑车人受伤形成的性质和特征。</p> <p>材料与方法。分析了因车辆与行驶中的自行车发生侧面碰撞而死亡的骑车人（n=51）的法医检查结果。</p> <p>结果。骑车人最常观察到的损伤是颅脑损伤（21.56%）和复合损伤，包括头部和胸部损 伤（15.68%）、下肢损伤和头胸部损伤（11.76%）。几乎所有（96.0％）死亡的骑车者都有头部受伤，其特点是严重的脑挫伤和顶骨、颞骨和枕骨的骨折。胸部结构和胸腔器官的损伤也很常见，占50.69%的病例，肋骨骨折占74.2%。在20.15%的病例中发现了肝脏破裂和器官韧带出血等形式的腹部器官损伤。小腿和股骨也有骨干粉碎性骨折。</p> <p>结论。其他车辆与行驶中的自行车的侧面碰撞中死亡的骑车人最常见的伤害类型是创伤性脑损伤，以及头部和胸部损伤和下肢骨折合并头部和胸部损伤。头部结构病变的特点是顶跗骨和枕骨的线性、凹陷性骨折。胸部结构伤害的特点是上肋骨骨折和肺部挫伤。躯干的前外侧部位观察到类似于“路疹”模式的皮损。双侧骨干粉碎性骨折多见于下肢，主要是小腿骨。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bicycle injury</kwd><kwd>cyclist</kwd><kwd>injury phases</kwd><kwd>injury mechanism</kwd><kwd>expert assessment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>велотравма</kwd><kwd>велосипедист</kwd><kwd>фазы повреждений</kwd><kwd>механизм травмы</kwd><kwd>экспертная оценка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>自行车伤害</kwd><kwd>骑自行车的人</kwd><kwd>损坏阶段</kwd><kwd>伤害机制</kwd><kwd>专家评审</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forstatt ML. 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