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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">723</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm723</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphofunctional changes in the neuronal environment in suicide</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфофункциональные изменения нейронального окружения при суициде</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>自杀过程中神经元环境的形态及功能变化</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-7640</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3620-8930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kislov</surname><given-names>Maxim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кислов</surname><given-names>Максим Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kislov</surname><given-names>Maxim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>kislov@1msmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-8031</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57484068400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6906-9238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trusova</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трусова</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Trusova</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>trusova_d_s@student.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-8524</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1761-8559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupin</surname><given-names>Konstantin N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупин</surname><given-names>Константин Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Krupin</surname><given-names>Konstantin N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>krupin@1msmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-4229</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3031-8173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhiganova</surname><given-names>Marianna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиганова</surname><given-names>Марианна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zhiganova</surname><given-names>Marianna S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zhiganova.marianna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4448</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3134-8457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>mcsim2004@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univesity</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univesity</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Regional University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный областной университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow State Regional University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Laboratory of Human Morphology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Научно-исследовательская лаборатория морфологии человека»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Scientific Research Laboratory of Human Morphology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-01-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-05"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-06-29"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/723">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/723</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For many years, the topic of the development of suicidal behavior has remained relevant. Every year, there are more reports of new morphological changes in brain tissue, with particular emphasis on the effects of changes and the microenvironment on the functional activity of neurons and the relationship with the development of certain mental diseases. Because morphological changes are not always visible and apparent, immunohistochemical examination for glial fibrillary acid protein might be an additional diagnostic method.</p> <p>The presented literature review is an analytical evaluation of the current status of the topic of studying the morphology of macroglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and the blood–brain barrier in suicide. According to generalized data, the most characteristic localizations of changes in the development of suicidal behavior are the suture nucleus and prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. There is evidence of a correlation between the development of suicidal behavior and an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex, a disruption in the connection between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the anterior cingulate cortex, and an indication of the involvement of the shell, striatum, preclinium, and wedge, orbitofrontal cortex in suicidal behavior formation.</p> <p>When examining the causes of death, determining the characteristic morphology of suicide death can potentially constitute an evidence base for confirming or excluding factors of suicide development.</p> <p>Further research is needed to form a clearer picture of the changes in relation to the practice of forensic medical examination; nonetheless, immunohistochemical analysis might be considered a potential method of evidence-based understanding suicide factors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тема развития суицидального поведения остаётся актуальной на протяжении многих лет. С каждым годом появляется всё больше сообщений о новых морфологических изменениях в ткани головного мозга, в том числе рассматриваются вопросы изменения и влияния микроокружения на функциональную активность нейронов и взаимосвязь с развитием тех или иных психических заболеваний. Морфологические изменения могут быть не всегда очевидными и однозначными, поэтому в качестве дополнительного метода диагностики рассматривают иммуногистохимическое исследование на глиальный фибриллярный кислый белок (GFAP).</p> <p>Представленный аналитический обзор литературы касается состояния вопроса изучения морфологии микроглии, астроцитов, олигодендроцитов и гематоэнцефалического барьера при суициде. По обобщённым данным, наиболее характерной локализацией изменений при развитии суицидального поведения определены ядро шва, префронтальная и передняя поясная кора. Имеются данные о корреляции развития суицидального поведения с повышением воспалительных цитокинов в префронтальной коре, нарушением связи между астроцитами и олигодендроцитами в передней поясной коре, а также указание на вовлечение в процесс формирования суицидального поведения скорлупы, полосатого тела, предклинья и клина, орбитофронтальной коры.</p> <p>Определение характерной морфологии смерти по причине самоубийства потенциально может стать доказательной базой для подтверждения или исключения факторов развития суицида при оценке причин смерти.</p> <p>Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для формирования более чёткой картины изменений применительно к практике судебно-медицинской экспертизы, при этом иммуногистохимический анализ может рассматриваться потенциальным методом доказательной базой для понимания факторов суицида.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>多年来，自杀行为的发展一直是一个热门话题。每年关于脑组织存在新形态变化的报告越来越多，并且考虑微环境对神经元功能活动的变化和影响，以及与某些精神疾病发展的关系。形态变化不一定很明显，也不一定很明确，所以人们考虑将胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的免疫组化检测作为一种补充诊断方法。</p> <p>这篇分析文献综述涉及自杀中小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和血脑屏障的形态研究的状况。根据综合数据，自杀行为发展过程中最具代表性的局部变化是由中缝核、前额叶皮层和前扣带回皮层决定的。一些证据表明，自杀行为的发展与前额叶皮层中炎症细胞因子的增加、前扣带回皮层中星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞之间的交流受损相关，并表明壳核、纹状体、楔前叶和楔叶、眶额皮层参与自杀行为的形成。</p> <p>确定自杀死亡的特有形态学有可能为确认或排除死因评估中的自杀发展因素提供证据基础。</p> <p>需要进一步研究，以便更清楚地了解法医鉴定实践中的变化，并且免疫组化分析被认为是了解自杀因素的潜在证据基础。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>astrocytes</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>oligodendrocytes</kwd><kwd>suicide</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>астроциты</kwd><kwd>олигодендроциты</kwd><kwd>суицид</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>小胶质细胞</kwd><kwd>星形胶质细胞</kwd><kwd>少突胶质细胞</kwd><kwd>自杀</kwd><kwd>形态学</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization [Internet]. 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