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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7130</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm7130</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of alcohol intoxication on the survival period in patients with subdural hemorrhage</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние алкогольного опьянения на период выживания при субдуральном кровоизлиянии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>酒精中毒对硬膜下出血患者幸存期的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-9400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7973-2100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Averkin</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверкин</surname><given-names>Никита Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Averkin</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><email>averkin.n@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-9059</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3649-4766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarov</surname><given-names>Arkadiy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяров</surname><given-names>Аркадий Петрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Stolyarov</surname><given-names>Arkadiy P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><email>sudmed_penza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2680-7432</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9183-6366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонов</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kharitonov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><email>haritonovdoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8927-2584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivankina</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Живанкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zhivankina</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>izhivankina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областное бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Penza State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пензенский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Penza State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-07-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>269</fpage><lpage>278</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-29"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-10-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/7130">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/7130</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Traumatic brain injury is an urgent problem in forensic medical examination, and subdural hematoma is considered the most fatal among them. In forensic medical practice, the outcomes of subdural hematoma should be understood depending on its volume to represent the pathohistological evolution of subdural hematoma and determine the essence of brain damage at the same time.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> To evaluate the influence of alcohol intoxication on the survival period in patients with subdural hemorrhage.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> A retrospective study was conducted on 42 deaths from subdural hematoma, of which two groups were identified: those who died before medical care (<italic>n</italic>=20) and those who received medical care in a hospital (<italic>n</italic>=22). The injury circumstances, the blood volume spilled under the dura mater, the presence and degree of alcohol intoxication, and the level of consciousness on the Glasgow coma scale were recorded. Histological examination of a subdural hematoma was performed to determine its prescription.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> Subdural hematoma is commonly caused by street injuries and traffic accidents. Hematomas are combined with skull fractures in 52.3% of cases, leptomeningeal hemorrhages in 73.8%, bruises in 81%, and cerebral edema in 88%. Unilateral subdural hematoma is more common than bilateral. The fact of alcoholic intoxication was recorded in most victims, whereas the ethyl alcohol concentration in the blood of persons who died before medical care was 2 times higher. Significant correlations were observed between the degree of impaired consciousness on the Glasgow coma scale and the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood (r=−0.701, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05) and between the volume of subdural hematoma (r=−0.526, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05) and hospitalization period (r=0.559, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05).</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold> Persons with subdural hemorrhage in a state of high degree of alcohol intoxication, as a rule, die before medical care is provided to them. Similarly, if help was provided, the outcome is most often unfavorable with a shorter survival period even in the presence of a small hematoma. Histological examination is currently the most optimal method in terms of determining the prescription of subdural hematoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Черепно-мозговая травма ― актуальная проблема в судебно-медицинской экспертизе, субдуральная гематома считается наиболее опасной среди них. В судебной-медицинской практике важно понимать исход субдуральной гематомы в зависимости от её объема, представлять её патогистологическую эволюцию и знать при этом сущность изменений в головном мозге.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― изучить влияние алкогольного опьянения на период выживания при субдуральном кровоизлиянии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование включены акты (<italic>n</italic>=42) судебно-медицинских исследований смертельных случаев с субдуральной гематомой, из которых выделены две группы ― лица, скончавшиеся до оказания медицинской помощи (<italic>n</italic>=20), и лица, получившие медицинскую помощь в условиях стационара (<italic>n</italic>=22). Установлены обстоятельства полученной травмы, количество излившейся крови под твёрдую мозговую оболочку, наличие и степень алкогольного опьянения; отмечен уровень сознания по шкале комы Глазго. Проведено гистологическое исследование субдуральной гематомы для определения её возраста.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Уличные травмы и дорожно-транспортные происшествия ― наиболее частые причины субдуральной гематомы. В 52,3% случаев гематомы сочетаются с переломами черепа, в 73,8% ― с лептоменингеальными кровоизлияниями, в 81% ― с ушибами, в 88% ― с отёком головного мозга. Односторонняя субдуральная гематома встречается чаще, чем двусторонняя. У большей части пострадавших зафиксирован факт алкогольного опьянения, при этом концентрация этилового алкоголя в крови у лиц, скончавшихся до оказания медицинской помощи, была выше в 2 раза. Установлены значимые корреляции между степенью нарушенного сознания по шкале комы Глазго и концентрацией этилового алкоголя в крови (r=-0,701, <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05), объёмом субдуральной гематомы (r=-0,526, <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) и периодом госпитализации (r=0,559, <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Лица с субдуральным кровоизлиянием в состоянии более тяжёлой степени алкогольного опьянения, как правило, погибают до оказания им медицинской помощи, при этом если помощь была оказана, то исход чаще всего неблагоприятный, сопровождается более коротким периодом выживания даже при наличии гематомы малого объёма. Гистологический метод на сегодняшний день ― наиболее оптимальный с точки зрения определения давности субдуральной гематомы.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。颅脑创伤是法医学中的一个现实问题，硬膜下血肿被认为是其中最危险的一种。在法医实践中，重要的是要了解硬膜下血肿因其体积而异的结果，介绍其病理组织学发展，同时了解大脑变化的本质。</p> <p>该研究的目的是研究酒精中毒对硬膜下出血患者幸存期的影响。</p> <p>材料和方法。回顾性研究包括对硬膜下血肿死亡病例的法医学检查（n=42），把其选出两组：1）在医疗救助前死亡者（n=20）；2）在医院接受医疗救助者（n=22）。研究人员确定了外伤情况、硬脑膜下出血量、是否存在酒精中毒以及酒精中毒的程度，并根据格拉斯哥昏迷量表（Glasgow coma scale，GCS）记录了患者的意识水平。对硬膜下血肿进行了组织学检查，以确定其年龄。</p> <p>结果。街头创伤和交通事故是导致硬膜下血肿的最常见原因。在52.3%的病例中，血肿与颅骨骨折同时发生；73.8%的血肿与软脑膜出血同时发生；81%的血肿与挫伤同时发生；88%的血肿与脑水肿同时发生。单侧硬膜下血肿比双侧更常见。大多数受害者都有酒精中毒的记录，在医疗救助前死亡者血液中的乙醇浓度大一倍。格拉斯哥昏迷量表中的意识障碍程度与血液中的乙醇浓度（r=-0.701，<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05）、硬膜下血肿体积（r=-0.526，<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05）和住院时间（r=0.559，<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05）之间存在显著相关。</p> <p>结论。硬膜下出血患者在酒精中毒程度较严重的情况下，通常会在得到医疗救助之前死亡，即使得到救助，结果也往往是不利的，即使血肿体积较小，幸存期也较短。组织学方法是目前确定硬膜下血肿年龄的最佳方法。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Subdural hematoma</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>ethanol</kwd><kwd>forensic histopathology</kwd><kwd>trauma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Субдуральная гематома</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>этанол</kwd><kwd>судебная гистопатология</kwd><kwd>травма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>硬膜下血肿</kwd><kwd>颅脑外伤</kwd><kwd>乙醇</kwd><kwd>法医组织病理学</kwd><kwd>外伤</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monsivais D, Choi HA, Kitagawa R, et al. 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