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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">706</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm706</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A study of morphological changes in the mandible associated with sexual dimorphism: a digital panoramic study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение морфологических изменений нижней челюсти, связанных с половым диморфизмом: цифровое панорамное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>与两性异形相关的下颌骨形态变化研究： 数字全景研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-2467</contrib-id><name><surname>Patil</surname><given-names>Karthikeya</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio><p>MD, Professor</p></bio><email>dr.karthikeyapatil@jssuni.edu.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-5365</contrib-id><name><surname>Harshitha</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>harshi.bnk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2830-1481</contrib-id><name><surname>Sanjay</surname><given-names>C.J.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>drsanjaycj_dch@jssuni.edu.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0888</contrib-id><name><surname>Nagabhushana</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>dr.nagabhushand@jssuni.edu.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Renuka</surname><given-names>Devi K.R.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>renuraj796@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-579X</contrib-id><name><surname>Viveka</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>sviveka96@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-14"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/706">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/706</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>In forensic anthropology, osteological remains are widely used to assess various characteristics of a person, which helps in establishing the identity of the deceased or serves as additional evidence in controversial cases.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIMS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The study aimed to measure, compare and distinguish the gender-related changes in the mandible among dentate of different age groups on digital panoramic radiographic images and to evaluate their reliability in sex determination that might serve as evidence in forensics.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Digital panoramic images were obtained for 420 patients, which included 210 males and 210 females. Various parameters such as gonial angle, condylar length, ramus length, cortical bone thickness and ramal notch width were measured and evaluated. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and two-way ANOVA test.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Comparison between gender groups showed statistically significant differences in all parameters with <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05 except the ramal notch width. The mean value of all parameters, was found to be comparatively higher in males. Among the groups, gonial angle and ramus length were found to be higher on right side, but in ramal notch width it was higher on left. The condylar length among males showed greater value on right side, and females showed greater value on left side. The cortical bone thickness among males depicted greater value on left side, and females depicted greater value on right side. Thus, all parameters except the ramal notch width were found to be reliable in sex determination.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> It was found that males had greater value when compared to females. Hence, this study recommends the use of these parameters for the purpose of sex determination.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>В судебно-медицинской антропологии остеологические останки широко используются для оценки различных характеристик человека, что помогает при установлении личности умершего или служит дополнительным доказательством в спорных случаях.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования</italic></bold> ― измерить, сравнить и дифференцировать гендерные изменения нижней челюсти у субъектов разных возрастных групп с помощью цифровых панорамных рентгенографических снимков, а также оценить их достоверность в определении пола, что может служить элементом доказательной базы в судебной медицине.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Цифровые панорамные снимки были получены для 420 пациентов, среди которых 210 мужчин и 210 женщин. В ходе исследования измеряли и оценивали такие параметры, как гониальный угол, длина мыщелка, толщина кортикальной кости, длина ветви и ширина вырезки нижней челюсти. Обработку данных проводили с помощью описательного статистического анализа и двустороннего теста ANOVA.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Сравнение гендерных групп показало статистически значимые различия по всем параметрам (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05), за исключением ширины вырезки нижней челюсти. Среднее значение всех параметров было сравнительно выше у мужчин. В исследуемых группах длина нижнечелюстной ветви и величина гониального угла были выше справа, тогда как ширина вырезки нижней челюсти ― слева. Длина мыщелка у мужчин была больше с правой стороны, у женщин ― с левой. Толщина кортикальной кости была больше у мужчин с левой стороны, у женщин ― с правой. Таким образом, все параметры, кроме ширины вырезки нижней челюсти, являются достоверными при определении пола.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Выявлено, что у мужчин более высокие показатели измерения нижней челюсти, чем у женщин, следовательно, их можно рекомендовать для определения пола.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。在法医人类学中，骨遗骸被广泛用于评估一个人的各种特征，这有助于确定死者的身份，或在有争议的案件中作为补充证据。</p> <p>该研究的目的是使用数字全景放射线照相测量、比较和区分不同年龄组受试者下颌的性别变化，并评估其在辨明性别方面的可靠性，这可以作为法医学的一个证据要素。</p> <p>材料与方法。获得了420名患者的数字全景图像，其中包括210名男性和210名女性。在研究过程中，测量和评估了诸如下颌角、髁突长度、皮质骨厚度、支长度和下颌切迹宽度等参数。使用描述性统计分析和双向方差分析进行数据处理。</p> <p>结果。性别组的比较显示，除下颌切迹的宽度外，所有参数都有统计学上的显著差异（p&lt;0.05）。男性所有参数的平均值相对较高。在研究组中，下颌支的长度和下颌角的大小在右侧较高，而下颌切迹的宽度在左侧较高。男性髁突的长度在右侧较长，女性在左侧较长。左侧男性的皮质骨厚度更大，右侧女性的皮质骨厚度更大。因此，除了下颌切迹的宽度外，所有参数在辨明性别时都是可靠的。</p> <p>结论。结果发现，男性的下颌测量值高于女性，因此，因此可以推荐用于性别鉴定。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forensic science</kwd><kwd>sex determination</kwd><kwd>digital panoramic images</kwd><kwd>mandibular morphology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>судебная медицина</kwd><kwd>определение пола</kwd><kwd>цифровые панорамные снимки</kwd><kwd>морфологические особенности нижней челюсти</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>法医学</kwd><kwd>性别鉴定</kwd><kwd>数码全景照片</kwd><kwd>下颌的形态特征</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konigsberg LW, Herrmann NP, Wescott DJ, Kimmerle EH. 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