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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of clobazam and its metabolites in urine during poisoning using HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обнаружение клобазама и его метаболита в моче методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с тандемным масс-спектрометрическим детектированием при отравлении</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测中毒患者尿液中的氯巴扎姆及其代谢物</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-2330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Alla A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Алла Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Alla A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.фарм.н.</p></bio><email>himija@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-3511</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2473-7421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalekin</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калёкин</surname><given-names>Роман Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kalekin</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharm.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.фарм.н.</p></bio><email>himija@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-1418</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7685-2315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Alevtina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Алевтина Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Alevtina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.фарм.н.</p></bio><email>himija@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples› Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples› Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/705">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/705</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Determining the incidence of acute and lethal poisoning with clobazam remains an urgent task of analytical toxicology. The medicinal substance clobazam belongs to the group of benzodiazepines, which is included in the list of psychoactive substances whose turnover is limited because of its high toxicity profile in overdose and abuse.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>To propose a simple, reliable, and sensitive technique for the identification of clobazam and its metabolite in the urine by the modern high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS).</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> We have described a simple and sensitive HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method for the qualitative determination of clobazam in the urine.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The retention time in the selected chromatography conditions for clobazam was 5.17 min, and its metabolite (norclobazam) in urine was 4.56 min. The base peaks for clobazam and norclobazam were 259 m/z and 245 m/z, respectively.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>For the first time, this study provides a validated method of chemical-toxicological examination for poisoning with clobazam by HPLC-MS/MS, tested both on a model mixture and real biological matrix of the patient’s urine after taking clobazam. This technique can be a confirmatory research method in addition to the clinical picture in forensic medical examination.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Проблема определения факта острого и летального отравления клобазамом до настоящего времени остаётся актуальной задачей аналитической токсикологии. Лекарственное вещество клобазам относится к группе бензодиазепинов, включённых в список психоактивных веществ, оборот которых ограничен, так как имеет высокий профиль токсичности при передозировке и злоупотреблении.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold><italic> <bold>исследования</bold> </italic>― предложить простую, достоверную и чувствительную методику идентификации клобазама и его метаболита в моче современным методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с тандемным масс-спектрометрическим детектированием (ВЭЖХ-QqQ-МС/МС).</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Нами описан простой и чувствительный метод ВЭЖХ-QqQ-МС/МС для качественного определения клобазама в моче.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>По результатам исследования, время удерживания в подобранных условиях хроматографирования для клобазама составило 5,17 мин, а его метаболита (норклобазама), найденного в моче, ― 4,56 мин. Наиболее интенсивный (основной) пик для клобазама ― 259 m/z, для норклобазама ― 245 m/z.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Впервые представлена валидированная методика химико-токсикологического исследования при отравлении клобазамом методом ВЭЖХ-МС/МС, апробированная как на модельной смеси, так и на реальной биологической матрице мочи пациента после приёма клобазама. Данная методика, применяемая в качестве подтверждающего метода исследования, является дополнением к клинической картине в судебно-медицинской экспертизе.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。确定氯巴扎姆的急性和致死性中毒事实的问题仍然是分析毒理学的一项紧迫任务。药物氯巴占属于苯二氮卓类药物，由于其在过量和滥用的情况下具有高毒性，因此被列入限制流通的精神活性物质清单中。</p> <p>该研究的目的是提出一种简单、可靠和敏感的技术，通过现代高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测（HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）鉴定尿液中的氯巴扎姆及其代谢物。</p> <p>材料与方法。我们描述了一种简单而敏感的HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS方法，用于定性检测尿液中的氯巴扎姆。</p> <p>结果。根据研究结果，在选定的色谱条件下，氯巴扎姆的保留时间为5.17分钟，而在尿液中发现的其代谢物（去甲氯巴扎姆）则为4.56分钟。氯巴扎姆最强烈的（主）峰是259 m/z，诺拉扎姆是245 m/z。</p> <p>结论。首次提出了一种经过验证的HPLC-MS/MS方法，用于调查氯巴扎姆中毒的化学毒物学。在一个模型混合物和一个病人服用氯巴扎姆后的尿液的真实生物基质上都得到了验证。这种技术作为一种确认性检查技术，是对法医临床情况的一种补充。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clobazam</kwd><kwd>high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection</kwd><kwd>QqQ mass analyzer</kwd><kwd>HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS</kwd><kwd>detection</kwd><kwd>urine sample preparation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клобазам</kwd><kwd>высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография с тандемным масс-спектрометрическим детектированием</kwd><kwd>масс-анализатор QqQ</kwd><kwd>ВЭЖХ-QqQ-МС/МС</kwd><kwd>детекция</kwd><kwd>подготовка образца мочи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>氯巴占</kwd><kwd>高效液相色谱串联质谱检测</kwd><kwd>QqQ质量分析仪</kwd><kwd>HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS</kwd><kwd>检测</kwd><kwd>尿样制备</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova AA, Orlova AM, Kalekin RA, Nevmyatova SR. 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