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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm702</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A radiomorphometric evaluation of age-related changes in mandibular morphology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Радиоморфометрическая оценка возрастных изменений в строении нижней челюсти</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>下颌骨结构中与年龄有关的变化的放射形态学评估</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-5365</contrib-id><name><surname>Harshitha</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD</p></bio><email>harshi.bnk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-2467</contrib-id><name><surname>Patil</surname><given-names>Karthikeya</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD, Professor</p></bio><email>dr.karthikeyapatil@jssuni.edu.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2830-1481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sanjay</surname><given-names>C. J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Sanjay</surname><given-names>C. J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sanjay</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD, Associate Professor</p></bio><email>drsanjaycj_dch@jssuni.edu.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0888</contrib-id><name><surname>Nagabhushana</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD, Associate Professor</p></bio><email>dr.nagabhushand@jssuni.edu.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-579X</contrib-id><name><surname>Viveka</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD</p></bio><email>sviveka96@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-24"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/702">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/702</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>AIMS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The main aim of this study was to determine, compare and differentiate the morphologically related changes of the mandible in dentate males and females among different age groups on digital panoramic images and to assess their authenticity in age estimations to provide evidence in forensics.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Digital panoramic images were made of 620 subjects, belonging to into four groups of ages ranging between 12–18 years, 19–40 years, 41–60 years, and older than 60 years. Measurements such as gonial angle, condylar length, ramus length, cortical bone thickness, and ramal notch width were measured and evaluated. The data obtained was then subjected to descriptive statistical analysis followed by a Paired t-test and a Two-way ANOVA test to arrive at the results.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>On measuring an angular and four linear measurements a statistically significant differences were found among all the age groups with <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05 and also increased on aging except for the gonial angle. Among all the parameters, the gonial angle, ramus length, and ramal notch width depicted a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides and with <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Age estimation with linear and angular measurements of the mandible was possible among the study population. It is found that all parameters except gonial angle are reliable for age determination. It was found that as age increased, the mean value of all the parameters increased and showed a significant difference between all age groups except the gonial angle. Hence, this study positively recommends the use of all parameters except gonial angle for the purpose of age estimation in the field of forensics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Цели</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Основная цель настоящего исследования заключалась в определении, сравнении и разграничении изменений в строении нижней челюсти у добровольцев разных возрастных групп мужского и женского пола с естественным зубным рядом с использованием панорамной цифровой визуализации, а также в определении достоверности полученных таким образом данных при оценке возраста для обоснования судебно-медицинского заключения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Выполнили панорамную цифровую визуализацию нижней челюсти у 620 добровольцев четырёх возрастных групп: 12–18 лет, 19–40 лет, 41–60 лет и старше 60 лет. Измерили и проанализировали такие показатели, как нижнечелюстной угол, длина мыщелкового отростка нижней челюсти, длина ветви нижней челюсти, толщина кортикального слоя кости и ширина вырезки ветви нижней челюсти. Полученные данные обработали с применением методов описательного статистического анализа, а также с использованием двустороннего t-критерия Стьюдента и критерия двухфакторного дисперсионного анализа.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> При выполнении углового и четырёх линейных измерений между всеми возрастными группами было выявлено статистически значимое различие (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05), при этом для всех показателей, кроме нижнечелюстного угла, была установлена следующая закономерность: чем старше возрастные группы, тем больше различие. Отмечено также статистически значимое различие (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05) между правой и левой сторонами по всем параметрам (нижнечелюстной угол, длина ветви нижней челюсти и ширина вырезки ветви нижней челюсти).</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Подтверждена возможность оценки возраста на основании результатов углового и линейных измерений нижней челюсти в исследуемой популяции. Установлено, что все параметры, кроме нижнечелюстного угла, позволяют надёжно определить возраст, при этом чем старше возраст, тем больше среднее значение всех параметров, и для всех параметров, кроме нижнечелюстного угла, выявлено статистически значимое различие. Таким образом, на основании результатов настоящего исследования можно рекомендовать использование всех рассматриваемых параметров, кроме нижнечелюстного угла, для оценки возраста при проведении судебно-медицинской экспертизы.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>目的。本研究的主要目的是利用全景数字成像技术，确定、比较和区分不同年龄段的男性和女性自然牙齿志愿者的下颌骨结构的变化，并确定由此获得的数据在年龄评估中的可靠性，以支持法医意见。</p> <p>材料与方法。我们对620名志愿者进行了下颌骨的全景数字成像，分四个年龄组：12-18岁、19-40岁、41-60岁和60岁以上。我们测量并分析了下颌角、下颌骨髁突长度、下颌骨分支长度、皮质骨厚度和下颌骨分支切口宽度。数据的处理采用了描述性的统计分析方法，以及双侧学生t检验和双因素方差分析。</p> <p>结果。角度和四项线性测量显示，所有年龄组之间的差异具有统计学意义（p&lt;0.05），除下颌角外，所有测量都有以下规律：年龄组越大，差异越大。左右两边的所有参数（下颌角、下颌支长度和下颌支切口宽度）都有统计学上的显著差异（p&lt;0.05）。</p> <p>结论。研究人群中，根据下颌骨的角度和线性测量来估计年龄的可能性已被证实。研究发现，除下颌角外的所有参数都能可靠地确定年龄，年龄越大，所有参数的平均值越大，对于除下颌角外的所有参数，发现有统计学上的显著差异。因此，根据这项研究的结果，可以建议在法医检查中使用除下颌角以外的所有参数进行年龄评估。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital radiographic assessment</kwd><kwd>age estimation</kwd><kwd>orthopantomography</kwd><kwd>linear and angular measurements</kwd><kwd>mandible</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровая рентгенография</kwd><kwd>установление возраста</kwd><kwd>ортопантомография</kwd><kwd>линейные и угловые измерения</kwd><kwd>нижняя челюсть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>数字放射照相术</kwd><kwd>年龄确定</kwd><kwd>正射断层摄影术</kwd><kwd>线性和角度测量</kwd><kwd>下颌</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gluckman PD, Low FM, Buklijas T, et al. 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