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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6708</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm6708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Study of Victims of Alleged Sexual Assault</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование случаев предполагаемого сексуального насилия</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>对被指控性暴力的受害者进行的研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-0549</contrib-id><name><surname>Hugar</surname><given-names>Basappa S.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>bshugar2007@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-1133</contrib-id><name><surname>Hosahally</surname><given-names>Jayanth S.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>veejay02@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-8114</contrib-id><name><surname>Girish Chandra</surname><given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Professor &amp; HOD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), профессор &amp; HOD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Professor &amp; HOD</p></bio><email>girishchandra14@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-0671</contrib-id><name><surname>Praveen</surname><given-names>Shivarama</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>praveenreddy.doc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>M.S. Ramaiah Medical College</institution></aff><aff id="aff2"><institution>Dr. Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dayananda Sagar University</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-16"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-06-29"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/6708">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/6708</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Sexual assault has been a major concern to our society. It is one of the most underreported offences to the law enforcement agencies. Such offences are multi-faceted and certain details of the offence may be hard to be unearthed even after a thorough investigation.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIMS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>To study factors associated with reporting of sexual assault cases and to correlate findings with the alleged history.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College Bangalore from January 2018 and December 2020. All victims of alleged sexual assault brought for medical examination to the Department of Forensic Medicine were interviewed through a detailed questionnaire after taking consent. Relevant information was sought from the victim and the consent from victims. Descriptive statistics for qualitative type of data were summarized using frequency and percentage.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>82 victims those who had come to or brought by the parents or guardian or police with alleged history of sexual assault were subjected for medical examination. All of them were females except two juveniles. Majority of the victims (n=71, 86.5%) were less than 18 years of age and were considered as juvenile / minors under Indian law. Either the victims or their parents reported to the police in most of the cases (<italic>n</italic>=76, 92.7%). In 53.65% of the cases the alleged assaults were reported to the police after three days of alleged recent sexual assault. The purpose of reporting to the police was because of honour or pride of the parents / guardian in 59.75% of the cases. It was observed that only in four cases there were positive findings of recent penetrative sexual assault in the form of fresh hymeneal tears or presence of spermatozoa in the swabs taken during genital examination.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Majority of the victims of alleged sexual assault were minors. Only 12% of them reported to the law enforcement directly without anybody persuading. More than 50% of victims presented to the hospital after 3 days of the alleged sexual assault. In most of minor victims the sexual intercourse was consented, but it was invalid since the girl below 18 years cannot consent for sexual intercourse. Majority of adult victims had consented for sexual intercourse on promise of marriage. In view of these, no physical injuries were seen on victims and positive evidence of sexual assault was detected only in 5% of cases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. О преступлениях, связанных с сексуальным насилием, реже всего сообщается в правоохранительные органы. Такие преступления многогранны, а некоторые детали бывает трудно выявить даже в ходе тщательного расследования.</p> <p><bold>Цели</bold>. Изучить факторы, связанные с сообщением о случаях сексуального насилия и соотнести полученные данные с предполагаемой картиной произошедшего.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Исследование проводилось в отделении судебной медицины Медицинского колледжа имени М.С. Рамайя (Бангалор, Индия) с января 2018 года по декабрь 2020 года. Все жертвы предполагаемого сексуального насилия, доставленные в отделение судебной медицины для осмотра, после получения согласия прошли подробное анкетирование. Качественные данные описательной статистики обобщались путём вычисления частотных и процентных показателей.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Медицинскому обследованию подверглись 82 человека с предполагаемой историей сексуального насилия, обратившихся за помощью самостоятельно или доставленных в отделение родителями, опекунами или полицией. Потерпевшие были женского пола, за исключением двух несовершеннолетних. Большая часть потерпевших (<italic>n</italic>=71; 86,5%) были моложе 18 лет и по индийскому законодательству считались несовершеннолетними. В большинстве случаев (<italic>n</italic>=76; 92,7%) в полицию обращались либо сами жертвы, либо их родители. В 53,65% случаев о нападениях сообщалось в полицию по истечении трёх дней после предполагаемого сексуального насилия. В 59,75% случаев причины обращения в полицию были связаны с вопросами чести, достоинства и репутации родителей или опекунов. Только в четырёх случаях были получены положительные результаты, свидетельствующие о недавнем половом акте с проникновением, в виде свежих разрывов девственной плевы или наличия сперматозоидов в мазках, взятых при осмотре половых органов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Большинство жертв предполагаемого сексуального насилия были несовершеннолетними. Только 12% из них обратились в правоохранительные органы сразу, без чьих-либо уговоров. Более 50% жертв обратились в больницу не ранее чем через три дня после предполагаемого сексуального насилия. Чаще всего потерпевшие доб-ровольно соглашались на половой акт, однако такое согласие считается недействительным, поскольку по закону девушка до 18 лет не может дать согласие на сексуальный контакт. Большинство совершеннолетних жертв соглашались на половую связь под предлогом вступления в брак. В связи с этим у потерпевших не было обнаружено телесных повреждений, а положительные признаки сексуального насилия были выявлены только в 5% случаев.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>绪论。性攻击一直是一个我们社会关注的热点问题。它是向执法部门报告的最暗藏细节的犯罪之一。这类犯罪是多方面的，即使经过彻底调查，也很难发现犯罪的某些细节。</p> <p>该研究的目的是研究与性攻击案件报告有关的因素，并将研究结果与被指控的历史对比起来。</p> <p>材料和方法。该研究是于2018年1月至2020年12月在班加罗尔M.S.Ramaiah医科学院法医系进行的。在征得同意后，通过一份详细的调查问卷对所有被带到法医系进行体检的被指控性暴力的受害者进行了访谈。受害者被要求提供相关信息，并征得他们的同意。使用频率和百分比总结了定性类型数据的描述性统计。</p> <p>结果。82名受害者接受了医学检查，他们是自己来或由父母、监护人或警察带来的，并以前受到被指控的性侵犯。除两名受害者外，他们都是女性。大多数受害者（N=71，86.5%）的年龄不到18岁，根据印度法律他们被认为是未成年人。在大多数案件中，受害者或其父母都向警方报案（N=76，92.7%）。在53.65%的被指控攻击案件中，被指控的近期性攻击是发生3天后向警方报告的。在59.75%的案件中，向警方报告的原因是维护父母/监护人的荣誉或骄傲。根据观察，只有4起案件中发现近期插入性攻击的积极证据，表现为近期的处女膜破损或在生殖器检查时的涂片中出现的精子。</p> <p>结论。大多数被指控性暴力的受害者是未成年人。其中只有12%的人在没有人劝说的情况下直接向执法部门报告。超过50%的受害者在被指控的性侵犯发生3天后到医院就诊。大多数未成年受害者同意发生性关系，但这是无效的，因为18岁以下的女孩不能同意发生性关系。大多数成年受害者都是在承诺结婚的情况下同意发生性关系的。有鉴于此，在受害者身上没有看到任何身体伤害，只有5%的案件中发现性侵犯的积极证据。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sexual assault</kwd><kwd>victim</kwd><kwd>case history</kwd><kwd>clinical forensic medicine</kwd><kwd>abuse reporting</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сексуальное насилие</kwd><kwd>жертва</kwd><kwd>описание случая</kwd><kwd>клиническая судебная медицина</kwd><kwd>сообщение о насилии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>性攻击</kwd><kwd>受害者</kwd><kwd>病历</kwd><kwd>临床法医学</kwd><kwd>虐待报告</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson J, Perrone P, Haro F, Yanagida E, Choi-Misailidis SJ. 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