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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5955</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm5955</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспертная практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>临床病例报告</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A rare case of diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones in a child when jumping on a trampoline. Ways to prevent expert errors using complex analysis of radiography data and case materials: A case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Редкий случай диафизарных переломов костей голени у ребёнка при прыжке на батуте. Пути предотвращения экспертных ошибок с помощью комплексного анализа данных рентгенографии и материалов дела: случай из практики</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>一个在蹦床上跳跃的儿童胫腓骨骨干骨折的罕见病例。通过对X射线数据和案例资料进行的综合分析防止专家错误的方法：临床病例</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-5746</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2397-7425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yulia B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ли</surname><given-names>Юлия Брониславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yulia B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>reineerdeluft@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-636X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1137-2991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishniakova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>Марина Валентиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vishniakova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>cherridra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-4054</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2015-6548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klevno</surname><given-names>Vladimir А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клевно</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Klevno</surname><given-names>Vladimir А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>vladimir.klevno@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Primorsky Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приморское краевое бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Primorsky Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-05-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>193</fpage><lpage>199</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-14"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-06-29"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/5955">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/5955</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Given the importance of childhood injuries in the structure of common problems associated with children’s health, it is important to determine the exact mechanism of fractures, particularly diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones, during the examination because the specification of the mechanism for the formation of bodily injuries leads to the actual origins of injuries and allows further development of a set of preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of these situations. Moreover, it sometimes allows the defendants to accurately distribute the burden of responsibility for what happened.</p> <p>In the presented expert case, the circumstances of bodily injury described by the subject and her legal representative were inconsistent with the type and nature of fractures received while trampoline jumping and the video recording from the surveillance camera did not provide complete information about the specific conditions of injury. A detailed analysis of the results of shin bone radiography, including determining the morphological features of fractures and their nature, and a frame-by-frame study of the presented video recording.</p> <p>The diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones of atypical localization for a “trampoline injury” detected in a child could serve as a source of expert errors in determining the mechanism of their occurrence; however, a thorough, comprehensive assessment of all objects for examination, such as medical documents, including X-ray data and case materials, taking into account the age-specific morphology of the bone tissue of the child, enables to determine the exact mechanism of the occurrence of fractures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Учитывая весомый вклад детского травматизма в структуру общих проблем, связанных со здоровьем ребёнка, важно в ходе проведения экспертиз определить точный механизм переломов, в частности, диафизарных переломов костей голени, так как конкретизация механизма образования телесных повреждений ведёт, собственно, к истокам травматизма и позволяет в дальнейшем разработать комплекс профилактических мероприятий для предупреждения возникновения данных ситуаций, более того, позволяет порой точно распределить груз ответственности за случившееся между фигурантами дела.</p> <p>В представленном случае описываемые подэкспертной и её законным представителем обстоятельства получения телесных повреждений не согласовывались с видом и характером переломов, полученных во время прыжков на батуте, видеозапись же с камеры наблюдения не давала полной информации о конкретных условиях получения травмы. Однако совокупный анализ предоставленных медицинских документов, рентгеновских снимков, данных, добытых следственным путём, позволил установить механизм образования переломов костей голени, опровергнуть условия их реализации при обстоятельствах, указанных пострадавшей и её законным представителем, и тем самым решить главный вопрос, интересующий следственные органы.</p> <p>Выявленные у ребёнка диафизарные переломы костей голени нетипичной для «батутной травмы» локализации могли послужить источником экспертных ошибок в плане определения механизма их возникновения, однако тщательная комплексная оценка всех представленных на экспертизу объектов для исследования — медицинских документов, в том числе данных рентгенографии, материалов дела — с учётом возрастной специфики морфологии костной ткани ребёнка позволила определиться с точным механизмом возникновения переломов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>鉴于儿童外伤对儿童一般健康问题的重要贡献，在法医学检验中确定骨折，特别是胫腓骨骨干骨折的确切机理是非常重要的，因为身体损伤机理的具体化显示外伤原因，并允许制定一套预防措施，以防止这些情况的发生，此外，有时允许在参与案件的人之间准确地分配责任。</p> <p>在本病例中，伤患和她的法定代表人所描述的身体受到伤害的情况与蹦床运动中骨折的类型和性质不一致，闭路电视录像也没有提供关于伤害的具体条件的全部信息。然而，对所提供的医疗文件、X光片、调查获得的数据进行的综合分析允许确定胫腓骨骨干骨折的形成机理，反驳伤患及其法定代表人所指出的情况下的实现条件，从而解决调查部门关心的主要问题。</p> <p>对于“蹦床受伤”来说，该孩子的胫腓骨骨干骨折是不典型的，这可能是专家在确定其发生机理方面出错的原因，但对所有提交检验的对象（医疗文件，包括X射线数据、案例资料）进行的彻底综合评估，考虑到孩子骨组织形态学的年龄特征，允许确定骨折的确切机理。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>diaphyseal fractures</kwd><kwd>fracture mechanism</kwd><kwd>leg bones</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диафизарные переломы</kwd><kwd>кости голени</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>механизм возникновения переломов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>骨干骨折</kwd><kwd>胫腓骨</kwd><kwd>儿童</kwd><kwd>骨折机理</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zdravookhranenie v Rossii. 2021: Statisticheskii sbornik. 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