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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">429</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm429</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Double exponential model of corpse cooling under conditions of linearly varying ambient temperature</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Двойная экспоненциальная модель охлаждения трупа в условиях линейно изменяющейся внешней температуры</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-3766</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">25947646500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABH-5590-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3828-8091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedugov</surname><given-names>German V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недугов</surname><given-names>Герман Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>nedugovh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Nedugov G.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Недугов Г.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nedugov G.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Недугов Г.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/429">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/429</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic> </bold>The main condition for the correctness of determining the postmortem interval by the method of thermometry of the deep tissues of the corpse is the constancy of the ambient temperature. This condition significantly limits the range of application of the method. The priority of thermometry of the core of the body in the diagnosis of prescription of death is explained by the slower cooling of deep tissues, which allows to increase the duration of the postmortem interval available for diagnosis, and less exposure to the influence of various random factors on the cooling process. The finite element models proposed recently can take into account almost all essential cooling conditions, including changes in ambient temperature, however, due to their high complexity, they require serious physical and mathematical training and technical skills, expensive software and postmortem computed tomography. For these reasons, they have not yet found wide application in expert practice.</p> <p>In this article, a mathematical model of cooling the core of a corpse at a linearly varying ambient temperature is proposed.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIMS: </italic></bold>Construction a mathematical model of cooling the core of a corpse based on the Marshall-Hoare phenomenological law under conditions of linearly varying external temperature, to find a numerical algorithm for solving the model and to develop a computer program that implements it.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIAL AND METHODS:</italic></bold> A direct analytical modeling of the corpse cooling under conditions of linearly varying ambient temperature was carried out, performed on the basis of the Marshall-Hoare phenomenological cooling law and focused on solving the problem of determination of the postmortem interval by rectal or cranioencephalic temperature.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS: </italic></bold>A mathematical model of cooling the core of a corpse under conditions of linearly varying ambient temperature has been developed. The chord method is proposed as a numerical algorithm for solving this model. The developed mathematical model and an iterative algorithm for its solution, as well as procedures for calculating interval estimates of the postmortem interval, are implemented in the C# language in the format of the Warm Bodies MHNH computer program.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic></bold> It is advisable to use the proposed model and the program implementing it in forensic medical expert practice when determining the postmortem interval by the rectal or cranioencephalic temperature of a corpse in conditions of linearly varying ambient temperature.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> Основным условием корректного определения давности наступления смерти, одновременно ограничивающим область применения метода термометрии глубоких тканей трупа, является постоянство температуры внешней среды. Приоритет термометрии ядра тела в диагностике давности наступления смерти объясняется более медленным остыванием глубоких тканей, позволяющим увеличить продолжительность посмертного интервала, доступного диагностике, и меньшей подверженностью влиянию различных случайных факторов на процесс охлаждения. Предложенные в последнее время конечно-элементные модели могут учитывать практически все существенные условия охлаждения, в том числе и изменения внешней температуры, однако из-за своей высокой сложности требуют наличия серьёзной физико-математической подготовки и технических навыков, дорогостоящего программного обеспечения и посмертной компьютерной томографии. По этим причинам они не нашли пока широкого применения в экспертной практике.</p> <p>В настоящей статье предложена математическая модель охлаждения ядра трупа при линейно изменяющейся внешней температуре.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования </italic></bold>— построить математическую модель охлаждения ядра трупа на основе феноменологического закона Marshall-Hoare в условиях линейно изменяющейся внешней температуры; найти численный алгоритм решения построенной модели и разработать реализующую его компьютерную программу.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы. </italic></bold>На базе феноменологического закона охлаждения Marshall-Hoare выполнено прямое аналитическое моделирование охлаждения трупа в условиях линейно изменяющейся температуры внешней среды.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Разработана математическая модель охлаждения ядра трупа в условиях линейно изменяющейся внешней температуры. В качестве численного алгоритма решения этой модели предложен метод хорд. Разработанная математическая модель и итерационный алгоритм её решения, а также вычисления интервальных оценок посмертного интервала реализованы на языке C# в формате компьютерной программы Warm Bodies MHNH.</p> <p><italic><bold>Заключение.</bold> </italic>Предложенную модель и реализующую её программу целесообразно использовать в судебно-медицинской экспертной практике при определении давности наступления смерти по ректальной или краниоэнцефальной температуре трупа в условиях линейно изменяющейся температуры внешней среды.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>corpse cooling</kwd><kwd>double exponential model</kwd><kwd>postmortem interval</kwd><kwd>changing ambient temperature</kwd><kwd>chord method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>охлаждение трупа</kwd><kwd>двойная экспоненциальная модель</kwd><kwd>давность наступления смерти</kwd><kwd>изменяющаяся внешняя температура</kwd><kwd>метод хорд</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marshall TK, Hoare FE. 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