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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">421</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm421</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pathology of COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Патологоанатомическая картина COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-8831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sagidullin</surname><given-names>Rafael H.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагидуллин</surname><given-names>Рафаэль Хамитович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>sagidullin12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-5677</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1895-7300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalikov</surname><given-names>Airat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиков</surname><given-names>Айрат Анварович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>airat.expert@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-9585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazmieva</surname><given-names>Alina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назмиева</surname><given-names>Алина Радиковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nazmieva12@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-1801</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3053-3773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Kirill O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Кирилл Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kirillkuznetsov@aol.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-272X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartoeva</surname><given-names>Hyadi V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Картоева</surname><given-names>Хяди Вахаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kartoeva97@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Sagidullin R.H., Khalikov A.A., Nazmieva A.R., Kuznetsov K.O., Kartoeva H.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Сагидуллин Р.Х., Халиков А.А., Назмиева А.Р., Кузнецов К.О., Картоева Х.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sagidullin R.H., Khalikov A.A., Nazmieva A.R., Kuznetsov K.O., Kartoeva H.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сагидуллин Р.Х., Халиков А.А., Назмиева А.Р., Кузнецов К.О., Картоева Х.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/421">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/421</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) has become a challenge for the health care system around the world due to the progressive increase in the number of cases with severe manifestations of the disease. Autopsy findings are fundamental and critical to better understanding how infection affects the human body. These data are needed to improve diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as to stratify risk groups.</p> <p>The purpose of the review is to analyze and summarize the pathological data available to date related to COVID-19. In COVID-19, the lungs are usually severe and swollen. Histologically, the most frequent is the detection of both exudative and proliferative diffuse alveolar injury with the formation of hyaline membranes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and stagnant small vessels. There is also evidence that SARS-CoV-2 causes endothelial dysfunction. There is still insufficient data to reflect the complete pathophysiological picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p> <p>Almost all of the articles reviewed in this review focused on pulmonary macro- and microscopic changes; there is little data on the features of the virus affecting other organs and its systemic effect. Despite the tremendous attention and investment in the fight against the new coronavirus infection, diagnosis of most of the deaths associated with COVID-19 is difficult.</p> <p>It is necessary to conduct further pathological studies, the purpose of which should be the development of a standardized diagnostic method, as well as the isolation of pathognomonic signs of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Коронавирусная инфекция 2019 года (COVID-19) стала вызовом для системы здравоохранения всего мира из-за прогрессирующего увеличения числа заболевших с тяжёлыми проявлениями заболевания. Результаты вскрытия имеют основное и решающее значение для лучшего понимания того, как влияет инфекция на организм человека. Такие данные необходимы для совершенствования методов диагностики и лечения, а также для стратификации групп риска.</p> <p>Цель обзора ― анализ и обобщение имеющихся на сегодняшний день патологоанатомических данных, связанных с COVID-19. При COVID-19 лёгочная ткань, как правило, твёрдая, тяжёлая и отёчная. Гистологически наиболее часто обнаруживают как экссудативные, так и пролиферативные фазы диффузного альвеолярного повреждения с образованием гиалиновых мембран, воспалительной инфильтрации клеток, а также застойных мелких сосудов. Имеются также доказательства, что SARS-CoV-2 вызывает эндотелиальную дисфункцию. До сих пор недостаточно данных, чтобы отразить полную патофизиологическую картину инфекции SARS-CoV-2.</p> <p>Почти все статьи, представленные в этом обзоре, были сосредоточены на изучении лёгочных макро- и микроскопических изменений, при этом имеется небольшое количество данных об особенностях поражения вирусом других органов, а также системном его влиянии. Несмотря на огромное внимание и инвестиции к борьбе с новой коронавирусной инфекцией, диагностика большинства смертей, связанных с COVID-19, составляет определённые трудности.</p> <p>Необходимо проводить дальнейшие патологоанатомические исследования с целью выработки стандартизированного метода диагностики, а также выделения патогномоничных признаков заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>autopsy</kwd><kwd>biopsy</kwd><kwd>diffuse alveolar injury</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>аутопсия</kwd><kwd>биопсия</kwd><kwd>диффузное альвеолярное повреждение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. 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