Russian Journal of Forensic MedicineRussian Journal of Forensic MedicineСудебная медицина2411-87292409-4161Eco-Vector41210.17816/fm412ReviewsНаучные обзоры科学评论Review ArticleUse of microRNA to estimate time science death: reviewИспользование микроРНК с целью определения давности наступления смерти: обзорhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-56771895-7300HalikovAirat A.ХаликовАйрат Анварович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

airat.expert@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-03126412-0687KildyushovEvgeniy M.КильдюшовЕвгений Михайлович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

kem1967@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-1801KuznetsovKirill O.КузнецовКирилл Олегович
Russian Federation

Student

студент 6-го курса

kirillkuznetsov@aol.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-0874IskuzhinaLaysan R.ИскужинаЛяйсан Раисовна
Russian Federation

Assistant

ассистент

laysan.iskuzhina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-5978RahmatullinaGulnaz R.РахматуллинаГульназ Рифовна
Russian Federation

Expert

Эксперт

rgulnaz779@gmail.ruBashkir state medical universityБашкирский государственный медицинский университетN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаBashkir State Medical UniversityБашкирский государственный медицинский университетVolga-Ural Bureau of Forensic MedicineПриволжско-Уральское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы0209202108102021731321380207202113082021Copyright ©; 2021, Halikov A.A., Kildyushov E.M., Kuznetsov K.O., Iskuzhina L.R., Rahmatullina G.R.Copyright ©; 2021, Халиков А.А., Кильдюшов Е.М., Кузнецов К.О., Искужина Л.Р., Рахматуллина Г.Р.2021Halikov A.A., Kildyushov E.M., Kuznetsov K.O., Iskuzhina L.R., Rahmatullina G.R.Халиков А.А., Кильдюшов Е.М., Кузнецов К.О., Искужина Л.Р., Рахматуллина Г.Р.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/412

Death prescription evaluation is still one of the most difficult issues in forensic medical practice. This review aimed to assess the potential use of micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) in death prescription diagnosis. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are 18–24 nucleotides long and are well preserved in the eukaryotic cells. Their role is to regulate gene expression in biological processes during the post-transcriptional phase. MiRNA was proven to be effective in clinical medicine for various disease diagnoses, with its possible use in forensic medicine as a marker for death prescription assessment due to its low molecular weight, tissue-specific expression, and high resistance to external and internal environmental factors. The analysis results of scientific literature revealed that the internal characteristics of miRNA molecules and their high resistance to degradation make them suitable as biomarkers for the duration of death assessment, especially in the late postmortem period; however, further large-scale studies on cadaveric material are necessary.

Оценка давности наступления смерти до сих пор является одним из самых сложных вопросов в судебно-медицинской практике. Цель обзора — оценка потенциала использования микроРНК в диагностике давности наступления смерти. МикроРНК — это небольшие некодирующие РНК, которые имеют длину от 18 до 24 нуклеотидов и хорошо сохраняются в эукариотических клетках. Их роль заключается в регулировании экспрессии генов в биологических процессах во время посттранскрипционной фазы. МикроРНК уже доказала свою эффективность в клинической медицине для диагностики различных заболеваний, а также открылась возможность её применения в судебной медицине в качестве маркера для оценки давности наступления смерти благодаря низкой молекулярной массе, тканеспецифической экспрессии и высокой устойчивости к факторам внешней и внутренней среды. В результате анализа научной литературы было выявлено, что внутренние характеристики молекул микроРНК и их высокая устойчивость к деградации делают их пригодными в качестве биомаркеров для оценки давности наступления смерти, особенно в позднем постмортальном периоде, однако необходимо проведение дальнейших масштабных исследований на трупном материале.

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