Russian Journal of Forensic MedicineRussian Journal of Forensic Medicine2411-87292409-4161Eco-Vector39210.17816/fm392Research ArticleMethods for diagnosing the sex of adult human by anatomical and morphological features of arytenoid cartilagesKalimullinRafkat R.kalim_raf@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-912XZvyaginViktor N.<p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p>oil@rc-sme.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1972-3615Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical ExpertiseRussian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise150620217283872704202124052021Copyright © 2021, Kalimullin R.R., Zvyagin V.N.2021<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> One of the main issues of general personality identification is the ascertainment of the sex of impersonated or fragmented bodies. Sporadic studies in the forensic medical literature have reported larynx cartilage sexual dimorphism, among which arytenoid cartilages are absent. The publications have morphometric focus and do not consider the practical aspects of sex diagnostics, which have been determined in this study. <strong>Aim:</strong> To develop a method for determining sex using the features of sexually dimorphic anatomical and morphological arytenoid cartilage of an adult. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The anatomical and morphological features of arytenoid cartilage from 80 males and 80 females aged 2078 years were studied. The visual examination revealed differences related to sex based on nine characteristics. The reliability of the sexual dimorphism of traits was verified using the Chi-square test and proportionality coefficients. <strong>Results:</strong> The informational significance of the features was clarified, and the individual observations were digitized using the formula. The possibility of sex determination by arytenoid cartilage was established in 93.75% of cases. In the remaining 6.25% cases, it was deemed impossible to solve this problem using the given set of features. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The method developed for determining sex is highly accurate and can be used in sex diagnostics during a forensic medical larynx examination of a decayed or a fragmented corpse.</em></p>arytenoid cartilageanatomical and morphological signsright-left-handed affiliationsex determinationчерпаловидные хрящианатомо-морфологические признакиправо-левосторонняя принадлежностьопределение пола[Poletaeva M. The possibilities for sex determination based on the specific anatomical features of the human thyroid cartilage. Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza. 2017;60(4):21–24. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/sudmed201760421-24][Zolotenkova G, Shigeev S, Poletaeva M, Gulgeldiev G. The possibilities for gender determination based on the specific anatomical features of the human cricoid cartilage. Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza. 2021;64(1):24–28. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/sudmed20216401124][Zvyagin VN. Method of cranioscopic diagnosis of human sex. Forensic medical examination. 1983;26(3):15–17. (In Russ).][Garmus A. Pelvic bones in forensic medicine. Vilnius: Baltic medical-legal association; 1993. Р. 128–130.][Rogers T, Saunders S. Accuracy of sex determination using morphological traits of the human pelvic. J Forensic Sci. 1994; 39(4):1047–1056. doi: 10.1520/jfs13683j][Rogers T. A Visual method of determining the sex of skeletal remains using the distal humerus. J Forensic Sci. 1999;44(1): 57–60. doi: 10.1520/jfs14411j][Fenish H. Pocket atlas of human anatomy. Minsk: Vysheyshaya shkola; 1996. 464 p.][Mishin ES. Features of injuries of the hioidero-laryngo-tracheal complex and methods for their detection with loop strangulationin the book: 3rd All-Russian сcongress of forensic physicians (materials). Part II. Saratov; 1992. P. 320–323. (In Russ).][Byrdy M, Jelieseijw T. Kriminalistik forens. Wiss; 1971. Р. 153–159. [Quoted by Hunger H, Leopold D. Identification. Leipzig: J.A. Barth; 1978. P. 157–159].]