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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">346</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19048/fm346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспертная практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>临床病例报告</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostics of the cause of aneurism rupture in case of basal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a rare case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Установление причины разрыва аневризмы в случае базального субарахноидального кровоизлияния: редкий случай из практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-5421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9188-2988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselkina</surname><given-names>Olesya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселкина</surname><given-names>Олеся Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Forensic Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры судебной медицины</p></bio><email>ves-olesya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-0425</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4347-1925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plis</surname><given-names>Semyon S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плис</surname><given-names>Семён Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Forensic Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры судебной медицины</p></bio><email>SSPlis.work@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-0643</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6570-2386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutornoy</surname><given-names>Nikita V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуторной</surname><given-names>Никита Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>nhutornoy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7045-7223</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6341-2050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>Ludmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>Людмила Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>lshishkina@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-0702</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2954-1200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prazdnikov</surname><given-names>Erik N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Праздников</surname><given-names>Эрик Нариманович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>Enp1964@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-4054</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2015-6548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klevno</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клевно</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>vladimir.klevno@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise, Ministry of Health of the Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии имени академика Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Veselkina O.V., Plis S.S., Khutornoy N.V., Shishkina L.V., Prazdnikov E.N., Klevno V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Веселкина О.В., Плис С.С., Хуторной Н.В., Шишкина Л.В., Праздников Э.Н., Клевно В.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veselkina O.V., Plis S.S., Khutornoy N.V., Shishkina L.V., Prazdnikov E.N., Klevno V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Веселкина О.В., Плис С.С., Хуторной Н.В., Шишкина Л.В., Праздников Э.Н., Клевно В.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/346">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/346</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold> Basal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by rupture of intracranial aneurysms usually has non-traumatic etiology. However, head injury shortly before death can start legal case, even if aneurysm was found. In such cases, forensic pathologists have to decide on the cause of the rupture and the role of the injury.</p> <p><bold>Case presentation:</bold> The article presents a rare case from forensic practice: 43 years old male dies after a head blunt trauma. The death was caused by basal SAH, which was caused by a microaneurysm rapture of the left posterior cerebral artery. The autopsy revealed external damages on the face and focal hemorrhages in soft tissues of the head and back. A detailed analysis of the morphological findings, clinical picture and circumstances was performed. The results showed that it was non-traumatic basal SAH. The cause of aneurism rupture was intracranial hypertension increased by vomiting and unusual body position shortly before the death.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Available published articles were studied on the causes of ruptures of pathological cerebral arteries and forensic interpretation in controversial cases. Results suggest that current recommendations should be revised. The hypothesis of the most significant sign indicating unnatural death (localization of the damage in the projection of the brain base) could not be confirmed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Базальное субарахноидальное кровоизлияние (БСАК), обусловленное разрывом аневризм сосудов головного мозга, общепринято относится к нетравматическим. Однако, когда смерти предшествует травма головы, БСАК может стать предметом уголовного расследования. В таких случаях судебным медикам приходится решать вопрос о причине разрыва аневризмы и роли травмы.</p> <p><bold>Описание экспертного случая.</bold> Приведено описание редкого случая из практики: смерть мужчины 43 лет после тупой травмы головы. Причиной смерти послужило БСАК, источником которого являлась микроаневризма левой задней мозговой артерии. При исследовании трупа были обнаружены наружные повреждения на лице, а также кровоизлияния в мягких тканях головы и спины. Приведён подробный анализ морфологических находок, клинической картины и обстоятельств, позволивший прийти к выводу о нетравматическом генезе БСАК. Причина разрыва обнаруженной аневризмы определена как повышение внутричерепного давления, обусловленное приступом рвоты и необычным положением пострадавшего незадолго до смерти.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Анализ проведённых исследований о причинах разрывов патологически изменённых артерий головного мозга и экспертной интерпретации в спорных случаях свидетельствует о необходимости пересмотра действующих рекомендаций. Теория о том, что наиболее существенными признаками, указывающими на травматический характер БСАК, являются локализация повреждений в проекции основания мозга и их выраженность, не подтверждается современными исследованиями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>subarachnoid hemorrhage</kwd><kwd>posterior cerebral artery</kwd><kwd>microaneurysm</kwd><kwd>head injuries</kwd><kwd>closed</kwd><kwd>forensic medicine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>базальное субарахноидальное кровоизлияние</kwd><kwd>микроаневризма</kwd><kwd>разрыв аневризмы сосудов головного мозга</kwd><kwd>тупая травма головы</kwd><kwd>причинно-следственная связь</kwd><kwd>юридические последствия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klevno VA, Prazdnikov EN, Dobrovolskiy GF, et al. Basal subarachnoid haemorrhages — etiological and morphological analysis. 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