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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">340</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19048/fm340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 pathology: experience of 2000 autopsies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Патологическая анатомия COVID-19: опыт 2000 аутопсий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-3823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zayratyants</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайратьянц</surname><given-names>Олег Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. Med., professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>ovzair@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-1260</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9525-9085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>Мария Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. Med.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>samary@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-9250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniaev</surname><given-names>Andrey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняев</surname><given-names>Андрей Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. Med., Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>cheral12@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-9147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishnev</surname><given-names>Oleko D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишнев</surname><given-names>Олеко Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. Med., Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>mishnevod@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2086-7513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>Liudmila M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалёва</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. Med., Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>mikhalevalm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-1662</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4814-3226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupnov</surname><given-names>Nikolai M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупнов</surname><given-names>Николай Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>Krupatan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6247-9481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>dmitry.v.kalinin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">«A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry» Ministry of Health of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow Area Moscows regional research clinical institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Human Morphology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution «Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russsian Federation»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff5"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital No. 31</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 31 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Budgetary Institution «D.I. Mastbaum Forensic Medical Bureau»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ РО «Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы имени Д.И. Мастбаума»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budget Scientific Research Center «A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery» of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-28"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Zayratyants O.V., Samsonova M.V., Cherniaev A.L., Mishnev O.D., Mikhaleva L.M., Krupnov N.M., Kalinin D.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Зайратьянц О.В., Самсонова М.В., Черняев А.Л., Мишнев О.Д., Михалёва Л.М., Крупнов Н.М., Калинин Д.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zayratyants O.V., Samsonova M.V., Cherniaev A.L., Mishnev O.D., Mikhaleva L.M., Krupnov N.M., Kalinin D.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайратьянц О.В., Самсонова М.В., Черняев А.Л., Мишнев О.Д., Михалёва Л.М., Крупнов Н.М., Калинин Д.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/340">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/340</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold> Pathological anatomy, patogenesis and the morphogenesis of manifestations and complications of COVID-19 remain insufficiently studied. The fullest information on structural bases of organs and tissues alterations by new coronavirus disease can be obtained as a result of autopsies.</p> <p><bold>Aims:</bold> The aim of the study was to study the morphological changes of lungs and other organs of the autopsies of COVID-19 deceased persons. Results of 2000 autopsies of people who died of a severe form of COVID-19 in Moscow, consisting of 1212 men and 788 women, from March 20 to May 22, 2020 (a ratio 1.54:1) aged from 20 to 99 years (on average 68.5±15.63 years) were presented. This experience was previously generalized in the Atlas COVID-19 pathology. Autopsies were made in the converted interstationary pathoanatomical offices at strict observance of rules of biosafety according to standard and legal documents of WHO, Russian Ministry of Health and Rospotrebnadzor.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> Morphological changes of lungs with varying severity and extent were detected in all examined cases; however, damage to other organs was also common, which in some cases prevailed over pulmonary changes and was the cause of death. The main morphological changes in lungs were diffuse alveolar damage and microangiopathy, alveolar hemorrhage syndrome, thrombosis, and thromboembolism.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The involvement of the lungs, other organs, and vascular system in the pathological process is a result of multiple factors. It is advisable to implement clinical and morphological «masks» of COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Патологическая анатомия, патогенез и морфогенез проявлений и осложнений COVID-19 остаются недостаточно изученными. Наиболее полная информация о структурных основах поражения органов при новой коронавирусной инфекции может быть получена в результате патологоанатомических вскрытий.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить на материале патологоанатомических вскрытий морфологические изменения лёгких и других органов у умерших от COVID-19. Представлены итоги 2000 патологоанатомических вскрытий умерших в г. Москве с 20 марта по 22 мая 2020 г. в возрасте от 20 до 99 (в среднем 68,5±15,63) лет от тяжёлой формы COVID-19, из них 1212 мужчин и 788 женщин (соотношение 1,54:1). Ранее этот опыт был предварительно обобщён в атласе патологической анатомии COVID-19. Патологоанатомические вскрытия производились в перепрофилированных межстационарных патологоанатомических отделениях при строгом соблюдении правил биобезопасности в соответствии с нормативно-правовыми документами Всемирной организации здравоохранения, Минздрава России и Роспотребнадзора.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У всех умерших от COVID-19 морфологические изменения разной степени тяжести и распространённости были выявлены в лёгких, однако отмечалось одновременное поражение других органов, которое по своей тяжести в ряде случаев преобладало над лёгочными изменениями и было непосредственной причиной смерти. Основным морфологическим субстратом поражения лёгких является диффузное альвеолярное повреждение в сочетании с вовлечением в патологический процесс сосудистого русла лёгких и развитием альвеолярно-геморрагического синдрома.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Патогенез разнообразных поражений многих других органов и сосудистой системы (микроангиопатия, васкулит, тромбоз, тромбоэмболия) носит, по-видимому, многофакторный характер. Целесообразно внедрение в практику понятия о клинических и морфологических «масках» COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>autopsy</kwd><kwd>pulmonary pathology</kwd><kwd>organs pathology</kwd><kwd>vascular pathology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>патологоанатомические вскрытия</kwd><kwd>патология лёгких</kwd><kwd>поражения различных органов и сосудистой системы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Temporary guidelines: prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 7 (03.06.2020). Moscow; 2020. 166 р. (In Russ). 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