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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">309</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19048/2411-8729-2020-6-2-31-34</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">CURRENT SITUATION OF CHILD ABUSE IN JAPAN AND EFFORTS TO OBTAIN OBJECTIVE EVIDENCE OF BRUISING FROM CHILD ABUSE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРОБЛЕМА ЖЕСТОКОГО ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ДЕТЬМИ В ЯПОНИИ И СПОСОБЫ ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬНОГО УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ФАКТА ПОБОЕВ У РЕБЕНКА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mimasaka</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Prof., Department of Forensic Sciences,</p><p>Akita</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н, профессор кафедры криминалистики,</p><p>Акита</p></bio><email>mimasaka9@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Akita University School of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Школа медицины Университета Акита</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-07-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-02"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Mimasaka S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Mimasaka S.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mimasaka S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Mimasaka S.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/309">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/309</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Child abuse in Japan has become a social problem, with yearly increases in the number of consultations at child consultation centers. Of the four classifications of child abuse (physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse), Japan has seen a particular increase in emotional abuse. Capturing evidence of child abuse is difficult. Generally, photographs are used as evidence, but the photography requires instructions. Three studies are introduced with alternate methods to enable bruising to be used as evidence of child abuse. First, spectrophotometry is used to digitize the color of skin, and provide scientific evidence of the co-existence of old and fresh bruises. Second, the diagnostic equipment of ultrasonography is used to evaluate the depth and thickness of subcutaneous hemorrhages that are due to bruising and which decrease over time after the bruising had occurred. Ultrasonic diagnosis can evaluate both the depth and thickness of such subcutaneous hemorrhages and illustrate the healing process. Third, forensic light source was used, which effectively uses violet light to enhance the visibility of bruises over time, even after old bruises become yellowish and can be hard to differentiate with the naked eye. These methods are useful for visualizing bruises and for capturing the evidence of child abuse. The methods are currently under study, but application in a clinical setting is expected.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В современной Японии жестокое обращение с детьми является социальной проблемой, что находит отражение в ежегодном увеличении числа обращений в детские консультационные центры. Из четырех форм жестокого обращения с детьми (отсутствие заботы, физическое, сексуальное и эмоциональное насилие) именно эмоциональное насилие получило распространение в стране. Доказательное установление насилия над детьми является непростой задачей. Обычная практика фотодокументирования предполагает инструктаж. В статье описываются три методики, основанные на альтернативных подходах к документированию побоев как доказательству жестокого обращения с ребенком. Так, спектрофотометрия позволяет исследовать оцифрованные цветные снимки кожных покровов с получением доказательных свидетельств единовременного наличия старых и свежих кровоподтеков. Вторая методика использует ультрасонографическое оборудование для оценки глубины и плотности подкожных кровоизлияний, полученных в результате побоев и уменьшающихся со временем. Ультразвуковая диагностика позволяет оценить оба этих параметра и описать процесс восстановления. Третья методика использует криминалистические фонари с источником УФ-излучения для улучшения визуализации выцветающих кровоподтеков, в том числе приобретающих трудноразличимый невооруженным глазом желтоватый оттенок. Эти методики подходят для целей визуализации кровоподтеков и документирования доказательств жестокого обращения с детьми. Методики апробируются с перспективой их применения в клинической практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>child abuse</kwd><kwd>child consultation centers</kwd><kwd>bruise</kwd><kwd>spectrophotometry</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>forensic light source</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жестокое обращение с детьми</kwd><kwd>детские консультационные центры</kwd><kwd>кровоподтек</kwd><kwd>спектрофотометрия</kwd><kwd>ультрасонография</kwd><kwd>криминалистические фонари</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Японского общества содействия науке (JSPS KAKENHI, гранты №№ JP19790447, JP21790603, JP23390182, JP16K01857). Автор благодарен компании Editage (www.editage.com) за редактирование рукописи на английском языке.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. 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