Стремительный рост распространенности новых психоактивных веществ и постоянное обновление ставят новые задачи для судебно-токсикологического анализа. Стандартные методы анализа, ориентированные на детекцию известных соединений, не нацелены на поиск новых аналогов, что повышает риск диагностических ошибок. В этих условиях масс-спектрометрия высокого разрешения рассматривается в качестве платформы, которая способна обеспечить необходимый уровень доказательности благодаря сочетанию высокой специфичности, чувствительности и возможности ретроспективного анализа данных. Внедрение ВР-МС в рутинную практику в РФ ограничено отсутствием систематизированных данных о её диагностической точности. В настоящем обзоре проведен анализ 53 источников, отобранных в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA-2020. Поиск проводился в базах данных PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary и Google Scholar. Продемонстрировано, что анализаторы QTOF и Orbitrap обеспечивают идентификацию НПВ с погрешностью менее 5 ppm, позволяя дифференцировать изомеры и устанавливать брутто-формулы неизвестных соединений. Описаны такие режимы скрининга, как таргетный анализ, suspect-скрининг по базам данных (HighResNPS) и нетаргетный анализ. Показана эффективность ретроспективного подхода, позволяющего выявлять НПВ в ранее полученных данных без повторного исследования образцов. Систематизированы данные о чувствительности метода, пределы обнаружения в крови и моче, которые достигают суб-нг/мл концентраций, что достаточно для выявления НПВ как при острых отравлениях, так и следовых концентраций. Рассмотрено влияние матричных эффектов на точность анализа и стратегии их минимизации, включая применение изотопно-меченых стандартов. Отдельно рассмотрена специфика работы с различными биологическими образцами (кровь, моча, волосы) с учетом метаболизма НПВ, а также аутопсийных материалов. Сформулированы практические рекомендации по внедрению ВР-МС в деятельность отечественных лабораторий.

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