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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16340</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16340</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RRSHPL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Practice Guidelines</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Рекомендации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Method for forensic medical examination of living persons</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методика проведения судебно-медицинской экспертизы живых лиц</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>活体法医学鉴定方法</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-5027</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1270-1776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>Igor Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Игорь Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>Igor Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>makarov@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-3538</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6373-3407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarov</surname><given-names>Leonid A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаров</surname><given-names>Леонид Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shmarov</surname><given-names>Leonid A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. 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(Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>bahmetev@vrngmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bigas</surname><given-names>Nadezhda F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бигас</surname><given-names>Надежда Феодосьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bigas</surname><given-names>Nadezhda F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>nbsudmed@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-6898</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9585-2336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasyuk</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власюк</surname><given-names>Игорь Валентинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vlasyuk</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>vlasuik1971@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkovskaya</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронковская</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Voronkovskaya</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. 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(Medicine)</p></bio><email>zabrodskiy@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8717-1238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>zm9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-9999</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5081-4667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivantsova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванцова</surname><given-names>Александра Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ivantsova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>ivantsova@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-1079</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5637-1055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>Tatyana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Петровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>Tatyana P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>kozlova@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokovina</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коковина</surname><given-names>Анна Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kokovina</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>kokovina1984@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komandina</surname><given-names>Elena R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Командина</surname><given-names>Елена Рафисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Komandina</surname><given-names>Elena R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>komandina@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krut</surname><given-names>Olesya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круть</surname><given-names>Олеся Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Krut</surname><given-names>Olesya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>olesja-krut@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6495-6819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lantsov</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланцов</surname><given-names>Сергей Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Lantsov</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>lantsovser@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4466-020X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4707-3226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyscova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лыскова</surname><given-names>Светлана Витальевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Lyscova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>lyskovakursk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mannanova</surname><given-names>Liya Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маннанова</surname><given-names>Лия Закиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mannanova</surname><given-names>Liya Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>NekhaevaNP@doctorrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0454-7137</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3331-6240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>Polina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаева</surname><given-names>Полина Валерьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>Polina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>minaeva@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Molokov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молоков</surname><given-names>Михаил Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Molokov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>molokov.mv@ivbsme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokhnatkin</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохнаткин</surname><given-names>Александр Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mokhnatkin</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>mokhnatkin1983@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novoselova</surname><given-names>Tatyana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новосёлова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Novoselova</surname><given-names>Tatyana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>tanyamnn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6282-9488</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9295-8273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pletyanova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плетянова</surname><given-names>Ирина Валерьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pletyanova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>pletyanova@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарёва</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>Sudmedexs2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6011-0415</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1925-1935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sentsova</surname><given-names>Natalya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенцова</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sentsova</surname><given-names>Natalya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>nataliasencova1992@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6706-1715</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Symakova</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сымакова</surname><given-names>Ирина Петровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Symakova</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>rbsme-zav_ozhl@med.cap.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7776-7571</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1940-0275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tenibaeva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тенибаева</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tenibaeva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>OTenibaeva@sme74.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubenkova</surname><given-names>Margarita M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубенкова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Михайлова</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Trubenkova</surname><given-names>Margarita M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>trubenkovamargarita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлова</surname><given-names>Светлана Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khokhlova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>khokhlova.sv@sudmedmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov (Pirogov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov (Pirogov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sukharev Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московская академия Следственного комитета Российской Федерации имени А.Я. Сухарева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sukharev Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканское клиническое бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Republican Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Far Eastern State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирское областное клиническое бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff10"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff11"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff12"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Tver</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Тверь</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Tver</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff13"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Izhevsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Ижевск</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Izhevsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff14"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Leningrad Region Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГКУЗ Ленинградской области «Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Leningrad Region Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff15"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Ulan-Ude</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Улан-Удэ</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Ulan-Ude</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff16"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Lipetsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Липецкое бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Lipetsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff17"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Kaluga</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Калужское областное бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Kaluga</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff18"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">111 Main State Center for Forensic Medical and Criminalistic Examinations</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">111 Главный государственный центр судебно-медицинских и криминалистических экспертиз</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">111 Main State Center for Forensic Medical and Criminalistic Examinations</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff19"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Ufa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Уфа</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Ufa</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff20"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Ivanovo</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы Ивановской области</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Ivanovo</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff21"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Yekaterinburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Екатеринбург</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Yekaterinburg</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff22"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Tyumen</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областное бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Тюмень</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Tyumen</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff23"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Petrozavodsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Петрозаводск</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Petrozavodsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff24"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Voronezh</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежское областное бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Voronezh</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff25"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Cheboksary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Чебоксары</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Cheboksary</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff26"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Chelyabinsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Челябинское областное бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Chelyabinsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff27"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Kemerovo</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кузбасское клиническое бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Kemerovo</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff28"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, Москва</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-09"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-13"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16340">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16340</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>These practice guidelines are intended to support the organization of forensic medical examination units for living persons and provide a structured methodology for conducting such examinations. The guidelines are designed for forensic medical experts, faculty members of forensic medicine departments and courses, residents, and postgraduate trainees in relevant academic programs. The guidelines outline general principles for forensic medical examinations of living persons, as well as specific features of individual types of examinations. Key issues encountered by forensic medical experts in the examination of living persons are addressed, including what objects should be examined and how their assessment should be performed. Specific aspects of the examination of a living person are described, and an algorithm for describing injuries is proposed. A structure for conclusions is proposed for forensic medical examinations of living persons. Specific considerations for examinations of female and male individuals are discussed depending on the forensic questions being addressed. Two sections of the practice guidelines focus on the specific aspects of forensic medical examinations in determining the permanence of injuries and in cases involving the use of electroshock devices. The guidelines conclude with recommendations on the proper documentation of forensic medical examinations of living persons in accordance with applicable legislation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Методические рекомендации предназначены для организации деятельности отделения судебно-медицинской экспертизы живых лиц и содержат методологию проведения судебно-медицинской экспертизы живых лиц и предназначены для врачей — судебно-медицинских экспертов, преподавателей кафедр и курсов судебной медицины, ординаторов и аспирантов профильных кафедр (курсов) образовательных учреждений. Методические рекомендации содержат общие правила проведения судебно-медицинской экспертизы живых лиц, а также особенности проведения отдельных их видов. Раскрыты основные вопросы, с которыми сталкивается судебно-медицинский эксперт при выполнении судебномедицинских экспертиз живых лиц, а именно: какие объекты подлежат исследованию и каковы особенности их изучения. Раскрыты особенности обследования живого лица, а также предложен алгоритм описания повреждений. Предложены структура выводов судебно-медицинской экспертизы живого лица. Отдельно описаны особенности выполнения судебно-медицинской экспертизы лиц женского и мужского пола в зависимости от решаемых вопросов. Два раздела Методических рекомендаций посвящены особенностям выполнения судебно-медицинских экспертиз живых лиц при установлении неизгладимости повреждений, а также при применении электрошоковых устройств. В заключении даны рекомендации по оформлению судебно-медицинских экспертиз живых лиц в соответствии с действующим законодательством.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本方法指南旨在规范活体法医学鉴定科室的工作流程，包含活体法医学鉴定的方法论体系，主要面向法医学鉴定医师、法医学教研室与课程的教师、相关专业的临床住院医师及研究生。指南系统阐述了活体法医学检验的通用规则与特殊检验类型的实施要点，重点解决了法医专家在实践工作中面临的核心问题：检验对象的界定标准及其检验特性。详细说明了活体检验的特殊性，提出了损伤描述的标准化流程，并规范了活体法医学鉴定结论的框架结构。特别针对不同鉴定需求，分别阐述了女性与男性活体法医学检验的差异化实施方案。指南设有两个专项章节，分别涉及损伤痕迹不可消除性鉴定与电击器械致伤检验的特殊程序。最后部分依据现行法律法规，对活体法医学检验文书的标准化制作提出了具体要求。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forensic medical examination</kwd><kwd>living person</kwd><kwd>conclusions</kwd><kwd>injury</kwd><kwd>mechanism of formation</kwd><kwd>severity of harm</kwd><kwd>practice guidelines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>судебно-медицинская экспертиза</kwd><kwd>живое лицо</kwd><kwd>выводы</kwd><kwd>повреждение</kwd><kwd>механизм образования</kwd><kwd>тяжесть вреда здоровью</kwd><kwd>методические рекомендации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>法医学鉴定</kwd><kwd>活体</kwd><kwd>鉴定结论</kwd><kwd>损伤</kwd><kwd>形成机制</kwd><kwd>健康损害程度</kwd><kwd>方法指南</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Pigolkin YuI, editor. 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