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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16234</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16234</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспертная практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>临床病例报告</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Forensic identification of personality: skull as a key element of person identification (a case report)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебно-медицинская идентификация личности: череп как основной элемент опознания человека (случай из практики)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>法医身份鉴定：头骨是人体鉴定的基本要素（实践案例）</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0620-9406</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6395-8638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrukova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврукова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Lavrukova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>olgalavrukova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-8701</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8595-7589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Antipov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>antipov528964@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петрозаводский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Forensic Medical Expertise Bureau of the Republic of Karelia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Forensic Medical Expertise Bureau of the Republic of Karelia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-03-03"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16234">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16234</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the most sophisticated types of examinations conducted in forensic practice is person identification. If genetic data are available for comparison, the identification of an unidentified cadaver is currently not challenging. The methods given in the report have shown their reliability and effectiveness for the identification of unidentified cadavers.</p> <p>This case report describes a case of an extremely problematic identification of a deceased person. The medical and forensic department received fragments of an unknown cadaver found on the lake shore (skull with lower jaw, symphysis and proximal ends of the humerus and femur). Sex, age, and race were established during the examination, and the specific dental features promoted the reliable identification of the deceased person. The law enforcement investigation gave grounds to assume that the cadaver was the missing male K., a native of Kazakhstan, whose data coincided with the results of forensic medical examination. This was confirmed by the correlation analysis of craniometric landmarks at the lifetime picture and the skull picture by combining the images of the K.’s head and the skull of an unknown man.</p> <p>Anatomical features of skull and teeth are significant in forensic identification; its scrupulous analysis contributes to the accuracy of the identification of missing persons. It is crucial to continue the development of technologies and methods of identification, which is especially relevant in the light of a special military operation, with a high demand for identification of deceased persons, including among civilians, yet the availability of genetic research is absent.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одним из сложнейших видов исследований, проводимых в медико-криминалистическом отделении бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы, является идентификация личности. При наличии сравнительного генетического материала вопрос идентификации личности неопознанных трупов в настоящее время не вызывает больших трудностей. Методики, приведённые в статье, показали свою надёжность и эффективность для идентификации личности неопознанных трупов.</p> <p>В статье представлен случай крайне сложной идентификации личности погибшего. В медико-криминалистическое отделение поступили фрагменты трупа неизвестного человека, обнаруженного на берегу озера (череп с нижней челюстью, симфиз и проксимальные концы плечевой и бедренной костей). В ходе исследования установлены пол, возраст и расовая принадлежность, а выявленные характерные особенности зубов позволили достоверно установить личность погибшего. Проведённые оперативно-розыскные мероприятия дали основание предположить, что труп неизвестного человека принадлежит пропавшему гражданину К., уроженцу Казахстана,чьи данные совпадают с результатами судебно-медицинского исследования, что подтвердилось в ходе отождествления личности методом корреляционного анализа опознавательных точек на прижизненной фотографии и фотографии черепа путём совмещения изображений головы гражданина К. и черепа неизвестного мужчины.</p> <p>Анатомические характеристики черепа и зубов являются значимым элементом в судебно-медицинской идентификации, и их тщательный анализ способствует повышению точности установления личностей людей, пропавших без вести. Важно продолжать развитие технологий и методов идентификации, что особенно актуально в свете текущих событий, связанных со специальной военной операцией, когда возникает необходимость в идентификации личности погибших людей, в том числе среди мирного населения, но отсутствует возможность проведения генетического исследования.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>司法鉴定机构法医部门进行的最复杂的研究之一是身份鉴定。目前，在具备可比较的遗传物质的情况下，无名尸体的身份鉴定工作没有太大的困难，文中给出的方法在无名尸体的身份鉴定中已显示出其可靠性和有效性。</p> <p>文章介绍了极其复杂的死者身份鉴定案例。法医部门收到一份在湖边发现的一具无名尸体碎片（有下颌的颅骨、联合，以及股骨和股骨近端骨）。研究确定了性别、年龄和种族，确定的牙齿特征可以可靠地确定死者的身份。所采取的搜查行动措施有理由认为，无名尸体属于失踪的哈萨克斯坦公民K.某，通过身份识别证实，其信息与法医研究的结果一致。期间，采用的方法是将公民K.某的头部图像和身份不明男子的颅骨图像结合起来，对生前照片和颅骨照片上的识别点进行相关性分析。</p> <p>颅骨和牙齿的解剖特征是法医鉴定中的一个重要因素，对它们进行彻底分析有助于提高失踪人员身份鉴定的准确性。不断发展识别技术和方法具有重要意义，鉴于当前的特别军事行动，在需要识别死者身份，包括平民身份识别，但无法进行基因检验时，这一点尤其重要。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unidentified corpse</kwd><kwd>person identification</kwd><kwd>skull</kwd><kwd>dental features</kwd><kwd>photographic matching</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>труп неизвестного человека</kwd><kwd>идентификация личности</kwd><kwd>череп</kwd><kwd>особенности зубов</kwd><kwd>фотосовмещение</kwd><kwd>случай из практики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>无名尸体</kwd><kwd>身份识别</kwd><kwd>颅骨</kwd><kwd>牙齿特征</kwd><kwd>照片组合</kwd><kwd>实践案例</kwd><kwd>病例报告</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Christensen AM, Passalacqua NV, Bartelink EJ. 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