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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16160</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16160</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of alcohol intoxication in fatal road traffic accidents in Moscow</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль алкогольной интоксикации в смертельных дорожно-транспортных происшествиях в Москве</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>酒精中毒在莫斯科致命交通事故中的作用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6520-9540</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5582-1090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhikova</surname><given-names>Inna O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижикова</surname><given-names>Инна Олеговна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chizhikova</surname><given-names>Inna O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chizhikovaio@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-5315</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3116-2928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shigeev</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шигеев</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shigeev</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>shigeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>486</fpage><lpage>497</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-15"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-25"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-29"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16160">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16160</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background: </bold>The World Health Organization states that approximately 1.19 million people worldwide die annually as a result of road traffic accidents. Driving under the alcohol influence significantly increases the risk of traffic accidents and associated fatalities, which may be attributed to the severity of injuries sustained or the masked progression of traumatic disease during acute alcohol intoxication.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold><italic> </italic>To evaluate the impact of acute alcohol intoxication on the severity of injuries sustained in road traffic accidents in Moscow and their outcomes based on forensic medical data.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods:</bold><italic> </italic>The study included two stages. At the first stage, data on all fatalities resulting from road traffic accidents in Moscow in 2023 (329 cases) were analyzed. At the second stage, cases with available ethanol testing results (247 cases) were studied. The study objects were forensic medical examination and autopsy reports. Demographic profiles of the deceased, involvement in traffic, time of death, injury patterns, and blood ethanol levels were analyzed. For the first time in Russian practice, injury severity was evaluated using the Forensic Injury Severity Score Template (FISST) scale (an objective and quantitative injury severity assessment system based on autopsy findings).</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold><italic> </italic>In 2023, over half of the fatalities from road traffic accidents in Moscow occurred at the time of receiving medical assistance. Most victims were men (239/329; 72.6%; mean age 43.9 years [41.8–46]). Ethanol was detected in 32.4% of cases (80/247) among the victims tested for ethanol (247/329; 75%). Pedestrians and drivers were the most frequent victims of alcohol-related fatalities. The most severe injuries were observed in victims with blood ethanol levels exceeding 3‰; however, no direct correlation between injury severity and blood ethanol level was established in this study. The most severe injuries were found in victims who died during the pre-hospital phase, with chest injuries being the primary contributors to the severity of their condition. Victims who died during the pre-hospital phase also had the highest mean blood ethanol levels.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold><italic> </italic>Ethanol was detected in one-third of road traffic accident fatalities in Moscow. One-quarter of drivers and pedestrians in Moscow died with blood ethanol levels above 0.3‰. All intoxicated drivers died within the first 24 hours following the accident. The most severe injuries were observed in individuals with blood ethanol levels exceeding 3‰. However, the frequency of ethanol detection and blood ethanol levels did not directly influence injury severity or hospitalization duration in this study.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, в мире в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий погибает около 1,19 миллиона человек ежегодно. При вождении под воздействием спиртосодержащих напитков возрастает риск как транспортного происшествия, так и связанного с ним летального исхода, что может быть связано как с тяжестью полученных травм, так и скрытым течением травматической болезни при острой алкогольной интоксикации.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>― оценить влияние острой алкогольной интоксикации на тяжесть травм, полученных в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Москве, и их исход по судебно-медицинским данным.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> На первом этапе изучали данные за 2023 год обо всех погибших в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Москве (329 случаев), на втором ― только о погибших, в отношении которых в распоряжении экспертов была информация о результатах исследования на этанол (247 случаев). Объектом исследования служили заключения судебно-медицинских исследований и экспертиз. Изучали демографический профиль погибших, участие в дорожном движении, время наступления смерти, характер травм, показатели этанолемии. Для оценки тяжести травм впервые в отечественной практике использована шкала FISST (система объективной и количественной оценки тяжести повреждений, выявленных во время вскрытия).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> За 2023 год на территории Москвы в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий более половины пострадавших погибли на этапе оказания медицинской помощи. Среди погибших бóльшую часть составляли мужчины (239/329; 72,6%; средний возраст 43,9 [41,8–46] лет). В 32,4% случаев (80/247) у обследованных погибших участников дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Москве (247/329; 75%) определялся этанол. Чаще всего в алкогольном опьянении погибали пешеходы и водители. Наиболее тяжёлые повреждения установлены у погибших с этанолемией выше 3‰, однако в нашем исследовании связь тяжести повреждений с уровнем этанолемии не подтверждена. Наиболее тяжёлые повреждения выявлены у погибших на догоспитальном этапе, при этом наибольший вклад в тяжесть состояния внесли повреждения груди. У погибших на догоспитальном этапе также установлен наивысший средний уровень этанолемии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> У каждого третьего погибшего в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Москве определялся этанол. Каждый четвёртый водитель и пешеход в Москве погибли с этанолемией выше 0,3‰. Все нетрезвые водители погибли в течение первых суток после дорожно-транспортного происшествия. Наиболее тяжёлые повреждения выявлены у погибших с этанолемией более 3‰. Частота определения этанола и уровень этанолемии, по нашим данным, не оказали прямого влияния на тяжесть повреждений и продолжительность госпитализации.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。据世界卫生组织数据，每年全球约有119万人死于交通事故。在酒精影响下驾驶显著增加发生交通事故及相关死亡的风险，这可能与受伤的严重程度以及急性酒精中毒下的创伤性疾病隐匿进程有关。</p> <p>目的。根据法医数据，评估急性酒精中毒对莫斯科交通事故中受伤严重程度及其结果的影响。</p> <p>材料与方法。研究分为两个阶段：第一阶段分析2023年莫斯科所有交通事故死亡者的相关数据（共329例），第二阶段聚焦有乙醇检测结果的死亡者数据（共247例）。研究对象为法医调查和鉴定结论，分析了死亡者的人口统计学特征、交通参与情况、死亡时间、受伤性质以及乙醇血浓度水平。在国内实践中首次使用了FISST（Forensic Injury Severity Score Template）评分系统（用于尸检时对伤害严重程度进行客观和量化评估的系统）。</p> <p>结果。2023年，莫斯科因交通事故死亡的受害者中超过一半在医疗救治阶段死亡。死亡者中大多数为男性（239/329，占72.6%；平均年龄43.9岁 [41.8–46]）。在247名有乙醇检测结果的死亡者中，32.4%（80/247）检测出乙醇。醉酒死亡者主要为行人和驾驶员。最严重的伤害出现在乙醇血浓度超过3‰的死亡者中。然而，本研究未证实伤害严重程度与乙醇血浓度之间的直接关联。在院前阶段死亡者中发现了最严重的伤害，其中胸部损伤对病情严重程度的影响最大。这些死亡者还显示出最高的平均乙醇血浓度水平。</p> <p>结论。在莫斯科因交通事故死亡的每三名受害者中就有一名检测出乙醇。每四名驾驶员和行人中就有一名在乙醇血浓度高于0.3‰时死亡。所有醉酒驾驶员均在交通事故发生后的首日内死亡。最严重的伤害出现在乙醇血浓度超过3‰的死亡者中。研究数据显示，乙醇的检测频率和乙醇血浓度对伤害严重程度及住院时间无直接影响。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>road traffic accidents</kwd><kwd>injury severity</kwd><kwd>alcohol intoxication</kwd><kwd>alcohol</kwd><kwd>blood ethanol level</kwd><kwd>FISST</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дорожно-транспортные происшествия</kwd><kwd>тяжесть повреждений</kwd><kwd>алкогольная интоксикация</kwd><kwd>алкоголь</kwd><kwd>этанолемия</kwd><kwd>FISST</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>交通事故</kwd><kwd>伤害严重程度</kwd><kwd>酒精中毒</kwd><kwd>酒精</kwd><kwd>乙醇血浓度</kwd><kwd>FISST</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheremisina NV, Cheremisina TN, Grishko YS. 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