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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="obituary" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16137</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>历史文章</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Personal</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">“The doctors guide to the correct examination of dead human bodies...” by I.V. Buyalsky (1824): the first original Russian guide to forensic medical examination</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>«Руководство врачам к правильному осмотру мертвых человеческих тел...» И.В. Буяльского (1824) ― первое оригинальное отечественное руководство по судебно-медицинской экспертизе</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>医生正确检查尸体指南……》 （作者：I.V. Buyalsky，1824 年） 为俄罗斯第一本原始法医鉴定手册</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-4219</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2112-4568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinov</surname><given-names>Evgeny Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринов</surname><given-names>Евгений Христофорович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Barinov</surname><given-names>Evgeny Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>ev.barinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-5310</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8821-7740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Askold V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Аскольд Владиславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Askold V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>ascold20@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6953-9555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chetverikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Четверикова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chetverikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>katarina2508@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3595-0225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamchur</surname><given-names>Varvara K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамчур</surname><given-names>Варвара Константиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mamchur</surname><given-names>Varvara K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>varvara-mamchur@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет медицины</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>444</fpage><lpage>450</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16137">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16137</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The year 2024 marks the 235th anniversary of the birth of Ilya Vasilyevich Buyalsky, an outstanding Russian surgeon, anatomist, and forensic physician and Honored Professor of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy and academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts. Another anniversary date of this year is associated with Buyalsky’s name: exactly 200 years ago, “The doctors guide to the correct examination of dead human bodies for finding the cause of death, especially in forensic cases,” which was the first original domestic manual on forensic medical examination, was published in the Military Medical Journal. This article comprehensively examined the history of the creation of this work, its main points, and its significance for subsequent generations of Russian forensic medical experts.</p> <p>The article provides information about the activities of Buyalsky in the field of forensic medical examination. An analysis of his work “The doctors guide to the correct examination of dead human bodies...” is presented.</p> <p>The present study shows that Buyalsky was one of the founders of forensic thanatology in our country, and the main provisions of “The doctors guide to the correct examination of dead human bodies...” remain relevant to date.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 2024 году исполняется 235 лет со дня рождения Ильи Васильевича Буяльского ― выдающегося отечественного хирурга, анатома и судебного медика, заслуженного профессора Императорской медико-хирургической академии, академика Императорской Академии художеств. С именем Буяльского связана ещё одна юбилейная дата этого года: ровно 200 лет назад в Военно-медицинском журнале было опубликовано составленное им «Руководство врачам к правильному осмотру мертвых человеческих тел для узнания причины смерти, особливо при судебных исследованиях», явившееся первым оригинальным отечественным пособием по судебно-медицинской экспертизе.</p> <p>В настоящей статье подробно рассмотрена история создания этого труда, представлены его основные положения, а выполненный анализ руководства свидетельствует о его весомом значении для последующих поколений российских судебно-медицинских экспертов. Приведены также сведения о деятельности И.В. Буяльского в области судебно-медицинской экспертизы.</p> <p>И.В. Буяльский ― один из основоположников судебно-медицинской танатологии в нашей стране, а основные положения «Руководства врачам к правильному осмотру мертвых человеческих тел…» сохраняют свою актуальность и в настоящее время.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>2024 年是俄罗斯杰出的外科医生、解剖学家和法医、帝国医学和外科学院荣誉教授、帝国艺术科学院院士伊利亚·瓦西里耶维奇·布亚尔斯基（Ilya Vasilyevich Buyalsky）诞辰 235 周年。今年的另一个纪念日也与布亚尔斯基的名字有关：整整 200 年前，他在《军事医学杂志》上发表了《医生正确检查尸体以查明死因的指南，特别是在法医鉴定中》，作为俄罗斯第一本原始法医鉴定手册。</p> <p>本文详细介绍了这部著作的历史，其主要条款，而且对手册的分析表明了其对后世俄罗斯法医专家的重要意义。文章还介绍了布亚尔斯基（I.V. Buyalsky）在法医鉴定领域的活动。</p> <p>布亚尔斯基（I.V. Buyalsky）是俄罗斯法医死因学的奠基人之一，《医生正确检查尸体指南……》的主要条款至今仍具有现实意义。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>I.V. Buyalsky</kwd><kwd>guide</kwd><kwd>history of forensic medicine</kwd><kwd>forensic medical examination</kwd><kwd>thanatology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>И.В. Буяльский</kwd><kwd>руководство</kwd><kwd>история судебной медицины</kwd><kwd>судебно-медицинская экспертиза</kwd><kwd>танатология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>I.V. Buyalsky</kwd><kwd>指南</kwd><kwd>法医学史</kwd><kwd>法医鉴定</kwd><kwd>死因学</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gayvoronsky IV, Nichiporuk GI, Goryacheva IA, et al. I.V. Buyalsky ― personality of multifaceted talent, outstanding domestic anatomist and surgeon of the XIX century. In: Clio Anatomica: Collection of scientific articles. Ed. by S.A. Kuti. Simferopol; 2023. P. 19–26. EDN: MNDIDV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайворонский И.В., Ничипорук Г.И., Горячева И.А., и др. И.В. Буяльский ― личность многогранного таланта, выдающийся отечественный анатом и хирург XIX века // Clio Anatomica: сборник научных статей / под ред. С.А. Кути. Симферополь, 2023. С. 19–26. 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