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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16134</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16134</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Forensic medical analysis of head injuries in drivers sustaining fatal in-vehicle trauma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебно-медицинский анализ повреждений головы водителя при смертельной внутрисалонной автомобильной травме</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>法医学分析车内致命交通事故中驾驶员头部损伤</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-7825</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7734-4020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grukhovskiy</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груховский</surname><given-names>Сергей Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Grukhovskiy</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gruhovskiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2800-1454</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6649-3580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Velenko</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веленко</surname><given-names>Павел Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Velenko</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>velenko_p_s_1@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-6498</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4042-7275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>Alexey А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>Alexey А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>bychkov_a_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-522X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3116-5490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenkov</surname><given-names>Ruslan E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченков</surname><given-names>Руслан Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Marchenkov</surname><given-names>Ruslan E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marchenkov_r_e@student.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-4324</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3976-6782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Globa</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глоба</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Globa</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>globa_i_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-1331</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4063-5837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezovskiy</surname><given-names>Dmitriy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березовский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Berezovskiy</surname><given-names>Dmitriy P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>berezovskiy_d_p@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-4219</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2112-4568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinov</surname><given-names>Evgeny Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринов</surname><given-names>Евгений Христофорович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Barinov</surname><given-names>Evgeny Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>ev.barinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of forensic medical examination of the Department of health of the city of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bureau of forensic medical examination of the Department of health of the city of Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет медицины</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>509</fpage><lpage>516</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-02"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-29"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16134">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16134</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold><italic> </italic>One of the primary tasks of a forensic medical expert in examinations related to in-vehicle trauma is determining the mechanism of injury formation, its severity, and the position of the victim. This often requires addressing questions regarding the specific mechanisms of traumatic brain injury, its morphology, and its severity.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold><italic> </italic>To study the characteristics of head injuries sustained by drivers in fatal in-vehicle automobile trauma.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods:</bold><italic> </italic>Expert reports from the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Moscow Department of Health from 2006 to 2013 were analyzed to assess the presence and localization of head injuries in drivers involved in road traffic accidents. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was used to assess the severity of traumatic brain injuries in drivers of domestic and foreign-manufactured vehicles.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold><italic> </italic>The study found no significant differences between the comparison groups in the ISS score ranges of 0–10 and 11–20 points. However, in the ISS score ranges of 21–30 and 31–40 points, fatal injuries were more prevalent among drivers of domestic vehicles, while in the 41–50 point range, they were more common among drivers of foreign-manufactured vehicles.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold><italic> </italic>In cases of fatal traumatic brain injury, significant differences in injury localization and severity suggest the presence of additional factors that require further investigation and should be considered when determining the victim’s position in the vehicle at the time of the accident.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Среди основных задач, стоящих перед судебно-медицинским экспертом при производстве экспертизы, связанной с травмой внутри салона автомобиля, является определение механизма образования повреждений, их тяжести и места положения пострадавших. Для этого зачастую требуется решение вопросов, касающихся особенностей механизма образования черепно-мозговой травмы, её морфологии и степени тяжести.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― изучить особенности повреждений головы водителя при смертельной внутрисалонной автомобильной травме.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Экспертные документы из Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы за период 2006–2013 годов были проанализированы на предмет наличия и локализации повреждений на голове у водителей при дорожно-транспортных происшествиях. У водителей отечественных и зарубежных автомобилей были проанализированы значения шкалы ISS (Injury Severity Score) для оценки тяжести черепно-мозговой травмы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В результате исследования установлено, что в интервалах от 0 до 10 и от 11 до 20 баллов по шкале тяжести политравмы ISS достоверных различий в группах сравнения нет. В интервалах от 21 до 30 и от 31 до 40 баллов по ISS преобладали случаи смертельной травмы среди водителей отечественных автомобилей, в интервале от 41 до 50 ― водителей автомобилей иностранного производства.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В случаях со смертельной черепно-мозговой травмой достоверные различия по локализации и тяжести повреждения позволяют предположить наличие дополнительных факторов, которые должны быть изучены в дальнейшем и учтены при ответе на вопрос о местоположении пострадавшего в салоне автомобиля.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。在与车内伤害相关的法医学鉴定中，法医专家的主要任务之一是确定损伤形成的机制、严重程度及受害者的位置。这通常需要解决与颅脑损伤形成机制、形态学特征及其严重程度相关的问题。</p> <p>研究目的。研究车内致命交通事故中驾驶员头部损伤的特征。</p> <p>材料与方法。分析了 Moscow Forensic Medical Examination Bureau 2006–2013 年间的鉴定文件，重点研究了交通事故中驾驶员头部损伤的存在情况及其位置。对国内和国外汽车驾驶员的头部损伤严重程度采用 ISS（Injury Severity Score）量表进行了分析。</p> <p>结果。研究表明，在 ISS 评分为 0–10 分和 11–20 分的范围内，比较组之间的差异无统计学意义。在 ISS 评分为 21–30 分和 31–40 分的范围内，国内汽车驾驶员致命伤害的案例占比更高，而在 41–50 分的范围内，国外汽车驾驶员的致命伤害占主导地位。</p> <p>结论。在致命颅脑损伤的案例中，损伤的定位及严重程度存在统计学上的显著差异，这表明可能存在需要进一步研究和考虑的额外因素，以更准确地回答有关车内受害者位置的问题。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>road traffic accident</kwd><kwd>in-vehicle trauma</kwd><kwd>ISS scale</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>дорожно-транспортное происшествие</kwd><kwd>травма внутри салона автомобиля</kwd><kwd>шкала ISS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>颅脑损伤</kwd><kwd>交通事故</kwd><kwd>车内损伤</kwd><kwd>ISS评分</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anuprienko SA, Pron ES, Barmakova JS, Porodenko VА. 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