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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16109</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Facial changes in individuals deceased from ethanol poisoning</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>О некоторых изменениях, наблюдаемых в области лица умерших в результате отравления этанолом</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>乙醇中毒死亡者面部的一些变化</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-0425</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4347-1925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plis</surname><given-names>Semyon S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плис</surname><given-names>Семён Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Plis</surname><given-names>Semyon S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>SSPlis.work@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-5421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9188-2988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselkina</surname><given-names>Olesya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселкина</surname><given-names>Олеся Валерьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Veselkina</surname><given-names>Olesya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>ves-olesya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4448</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3134-8457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>mcsim2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Forensic Medicine and Pathology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт судебной медицины и патологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of Forensic Medicine and Pathology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State University of Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный университет просвещения</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal State University of Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-06-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-07-31"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16109">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16109</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> </italic>Changes in the facial area (facial edema, its purplish or bluish color, drooling, tearing, and a sign described by A.P. Kurdyumov) are among the most commonly observed signs of ethanol poisoning. However, their diagnostic capabilities are not investigated, and the mechanisms of development are not described.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM: </italic></bold>To study the occurrence of changes in the facial area in individuals who died from ethanol poisoning. From a modern perspective, the mechanism of their development, characteristics, and specificity were assessed.</p> <p><italic><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> </italic>A single-center retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted based on the archive of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow Region “Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination,” including cases of death from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Cases were grouped into five categories: ethanol poisoning, poisoning with other alcohols, asphyxia, other violent causes of death, and natural death.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS: </italic></bold>The study included 1,181 cases, with a median age of 52 (range, 19–95) years. Women were older, with no significant difference in blood ethanol concentration. Facial puffiness was observed in 53.1% of ethanol poisoning cases and bluish discoloration in 59.5%. The sign described by A.P. Kurdyumov was less frequently observed. Facial puffiness (<italic>p=</italic>0.002) and the sign described by A.P. Kurdyumov (<italic>p=</italic>0.014) were more common in poisoning with other alcohols than in deaths from asphyxia. However, no such differences were observed for facial bluish discoloration (<italic>p=</italic>0.176). Facial bluish discoloration had the highest sensitivity in both alcohol and other alcohol poisoning cases (59.53% and 40.74%, respectively) but had the lowest specificity in the same groups among the examined signs. The sign described by A.P. Kurdyumov had the highest specificity among those examined for both ethanol poisoning and poisoning with other alcohols.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>In ethanol poisoning, facial bluish discoloration was the most sensitive sign, and the sign described by A.P. Kurdyumov was the most specific among the analyzed signs. The examined signs were observed in both ethanol and other alcohol poisoning but less frequently. The forensic medical signs considered are largely similar to the clinical signs observed in flush syndrome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Изменения в области лица (отёк лица, его багровый или синюшный цвет; слюнотечение; слезотечение; признак, описанный А.П. Курдюмовым) являются одними из часто наблюдаемых признаков при отравлении этанолом. При этом их диагностические возможности не исследованы, а механизмы развития не описаны.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>― изучить встречаемость изменений в области лица умерших в результате отравления этанолом; дать оценку механизму их развития, характерности и специфичности с современных позиций.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Одноцентровое ретроспективное обсервационное поперечное исследование проведено на базе архива ГБУЗ МО «Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы». В исследование включены случаи смерти (<italic>n=</italic>1181, медиана возраста 52 года) за период с 01.01.2020 по 31.12.2020. Случаи были объединены в пять групп: отравления этанолом, отравления другими спиртами, асфиксии, другие насильственные причины смерти, естественная смерть.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Женщины были старше, без существенного отличия в концентрации этанола в крови. Одутловатость лица наблюдалась в 53,1% случаев отравления этанолом, синюшность ― в 59,5%. Реже всех наблюдался признак, описанный А.П. Курдюмовым. Одутловатость лица (<italic>p=</italic>0,002) и признак, описанный А.П. Курдюмовым (<italic>p=</italic>0,014), отмечались чаще при отравлении другими спиртами, чем при смерти от асфиксий, тогда как подобных различий для синюшности лица не получено (<italic>p=</italic>0,176). Синюшность лица обладала наибольшей чувствительностью как при отравлении алкоголем (59,53%), так и при отравлении другими спиртами (40,74%), но самой низкой специфичностью в тех же группах среди рассматриваемых признаков. А признак А.П. Курдюмова имел наибольшую специфичность среди исследуемых как при отравлении этанолом, так и при отравлении другими спиртами.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Синюшность лица была наиболее чувствительным признаком при отравлении этанолом, а признак А.П. Курдюмова ― наиболее специфичным среди проанализированных. Исследованные признаки наблюдались как при отравлении этанолом, так и при отравлении другими спиртами, но реже. Рассматриваемые судебно-медицинские признаки во многом схожи с наблюдаемыми клиницистами признаками синдрома прилива.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证。</bold>面部变化（面部肿胀，颜色发紫或发青；流涎；流泪；A.P. Kurdyumov 描述的体征）是乙醇中毒时经常观察到的体征之一。然而，这些症状的诊断能力尚未得到研究，其发生机制也未得到描述。</p> <p>研究目的是调查死者面部因乙醇中毒而发生的变化，并从现代角度评估这些变化的发生机制、特征和特异性。</p> <p><bold>材料和方法。</bold>本研究以法医检验局的档案为基础，开展了一项单中心回顾性横断面观察研究。该研究包括 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间的死亡病例（n=1181，中位年龄 52岁）。这些病例被分为五组：乙醇中毒、其他酒精中毒、窒息、其他暴力致死原因、自然死亡。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>女性年龄较大，血液中乙醇浓度无明显差异。53.1% 的乙醇中毒病例出现面部浮肿，59.5% 的病例出现面部青紫。A.P. Kurdyumov 所描述的症状出现频率最低。面部浮 肿（p=0.002）和 A.P. Kurdyumov 所描述的体征（p=0.014）在其他酒精中毒中比在窒息死亡中更常被观察到，而面部青紫（p=0.176）则没有类似的差异。面部青紫在酒精中 毒（59.53%）和其他酒精中毒（40.74%）中的敏感性最高，但在同类体征中特异性最低。在乙醇中毒和其他酒精中毒中，A.P. Kurdyumov 所描述的体征的特异性最高。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>面部青紫是乙醇中毒中最敏感的体征，A.P. Kurdyumov 体征是所分析的体征中最特异的。在乙醇中毒和其他酒精中毒中都观察到了所研究的体征，但频率较低。所研究的法医征象在许多方面与临床医生观察到的潮汐综合征征象相似。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohol poisoning</kwd><kwd>ethanol</kwd><kwd>flush syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отравление алкоголем</kwd><kwd>этанол</kwd><kwd>флаш-синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>酒精中毒</kwd><kwd>乙醇</kwd><kwd>潮红综合征</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromov S. Summary of forensic medicine for academic and practical use (second edition, corrected and supplemented). Saint Petersburg: Tipography of Eduard Prats and K; 1838. 576 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громов С. Краткое изложение судебной медицины для академического и практического употребления (издание второе, исправленное и дополненное). 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