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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16092</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16092</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Biochipping in forensic medicine as a technology for determining readiness to cause harm: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биочипирование в судебной медицине как технология определения согласия на причинение вреда: научный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>法医学中的生物芯片植入作为一种确定是否同意伤害的技术：科学综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8256-1121</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8000-9337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tukenova</surname><given-names>Zhanar S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тукенова</surname><given-names>Жанар Саулетовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tukenova</surname><given-names>Zhanar S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>tukenovazhanar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7855-8510</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6706-4825</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alikperov</surname><given-names>Khanlar D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аликперов</surname><given-names>Ханлар Джафарович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Alikperov</surname><given-names>Khanlar D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AZ">Azerbaijan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Legal), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р юр. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Legal), Professor</p></bio><email>xan_alikperov@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-8576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1929-3392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Begaliyev</surname><given-names>Yernar N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бегалиев</surname><given-names>Ернар Нурланович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Begaliyev</surname><given-names>Yernar N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Legal), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р юр. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Legal), Professor</p></bio><email>ernar-begaliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-8757</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1151-1080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Seraliyeva</surname><given-names>Aliya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сералиева</surname><given-names>Алия Мажитовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Seraliyeva</surname><given-names>Aliya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Legal), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. юр. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Legal), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>aliya-mazhitovna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-9813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2619-4551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shayakhmetova</surname><given-names>Zhanna B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаяхметова</surname><given-names>Жанна Бекполовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shayakhmetova</surname><given-names>Zhanna B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Legal), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. юр. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci (Legal), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>jan68@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies Under the General Prosecutors Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия правоохранительных органов при Генеральной прокуратуре Республики Казахстан</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies Under the General Prosecutors Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Legal Research, Baku</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр правовых исследований, Баку</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Center of Legal Research, Baku</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный педагогический университет имени Абая</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Atyrau university by after Kh. Dosmukhamedov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Атырауский университет им. Х. Досмухамедова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Atyrau university by after Kh. Dosmukhamedov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-02-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-24"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-03-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16092">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16092</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article evaluated the issues of determining consent to harm as grounds for excluding crime through the prism of the totality of mental and physiological processes in the victim’s body, considering the analysis of the emotional attitude to the traumatic situation. Existing practice is based on the testimony and position of the injured party and the absence of physical signs of resistance as an indicator of consent to harm.</p> <p>The materials of the study were the norms of the criminal legislation of Kazakhstan and foreign states on the meaning of the victim’s consent to harm his or her peers and interests, particularly in cases of sexual inviolability. A literature review on this topic revealed the relationship between the subjective attitude of the victim of violence and chemical and physiological processes in the body.</p> <p>The achievements of scientists in determining chemical and physiological signs of stress in real time using bioanalysts-biochips were analyzed. Based on the results, generalization of scientific works, and analysis of legislation on the subject, the evidentiary value of these technologies to determine the consent of the victim in the absence of signs of stress at the time of exposure were considered.</p> <p>The use of biochips with analyzers of chemical and physiological changes in the human body in real time will not only determine the stress state of the victim at the time of the attack, as a sign of consent or refusal to act, but also expand the possibilities of forensic medicine and general practical medicine in early diagnosis of diseases and prompt treatment. Furthermore, a SWOT analysis of the use of biocyping to resolve the issue of determining the victim’s consent to harm, excluding the possibility of manipulation and falsification of evidence, was performed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматриваются вопросы определения согласия на причинение вреда как основания исключения преступности через призму совокупности психических и физиологических процессов в организме жертвы с учётом разбора эмоционального отношения к психотравмирующей ситуации. Имеющаяся практика основана на показаниях и позиции потерпевшей стороны, а также отсутствии физических признаков сопротивления как показателя согласия на причинение вреда.</p> <p>Изучаются вопросы взаимосвязи эмоциональных реакций организма на раздражитель через психические и химические его проявления для установления характера отношения жертвы насилия к конкретному действию.</p> <p>Рассматриваются нормы уголовного законодательства Республики Казахстан и зарубежных государств по вопросам значения согласия потерпевшего на причинение вреда его правам и интересам, в частности при посягательстве на половую неприкосновенность. При изучении литературы по указанной тематике отмечена взаимосвязь между субъективным отношением жертвы насилия и химико-физиологическими процессами в организме.</p> <p>Проанализированы также достижения учёных в определении химических и физиологических признаков стресса в режиме реального времени на примере биоанализаторов-биочипов. Авторы работы рассмотрели доказательственное значение данных технологий как способа определения согласия потерпевшего при отсутствии признаков стресса на момент воздействия. Кроме того, в работе осуществлён SWOT-анализ использования биочипирования для решения вопроса об определении согласия жертвы на причинение вреда, исключая возможность манипуляции и фальсификации доказательств.</p> <p>Использование биочипов с анализаторами химических и физиологических изменений в организме человека в режиме реального времени позволит не только определить состояние стресса жертвы в момент посягательства как признак согласия или отказа на действие, но также расширит возможности как судебной медицины, так и в целом практической медицины в ранней диагностике заболеваний и оперативности лечения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本文考虑了如何确定同意伤害作为排除犯罪的依据的问题。在研究这些问题时，作者考虑到了受害者身体的心理和生理过程，以及他对精神创伤情况的情绪态度。现有的做法是以受害方的证词和立场以及没有身体抵抗迹象作为同意伤害的指标。</p> <p>通过精神和化学表现，作者研究身体对刺激的情绪反应之间的相互关系。这样做是为了确定暴力受害者对特定行为的态度性质。</p> <p>哈萨克斯坦共和国和外国关于受害人同意其权益受到损害的重要性问题的刑事立法准则得到了考虑。例如，在侵犯性权力不可侵犯性的情况下。在研究关于上述主题的文献时，作者注意到暴力受害者的主观态度与人体化学生理过程之间的关系。</p> <p>此外，作者还分析了科学家在利用生物分析仪-生物芯片实时确定应激的化学和生理迹象方面取得的成就。本文作者认为，这些技术具有证据价值，可以在暴力时没有应激迹象的情况下确定受害者是否同意。此外，本文中还对使用生物芯片解决确定受害人是否同意伤害的问题进行了SWOT分析，排除了操纵和伪造证据的可能性。</p> <p>使用具有实时分析人体化学和生理变化的分析仪的生物芯片，可以确定受害人在受到侵害时的紧张状态，作为同意或拒绝采取行动的标志。生物芯片的使用还将扩大法医学和一般实用医学对疾病的早期诊断和及时治疗的可能性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bio-sonding</kwd><kwd>biochipping</kwd><kwd>rape</kwd><kwd>crime</kwd><kwd>consent</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>emotions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биозондирование</kwd><kwd>биочипирование</kwd><kwd>изнасилование</kwd><kwd>преступность</kwd><kwd>согласие</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>эмоции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>生物探测</kwd><kwd>生物芯片植入</kwd><kwd>强奸</kwd><kwd>犯罪</kwd><kwd>同意</kwd><kwd>应激</kwd><kwd>情绪</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as part of the implementation of a scientific project of grant funding for scientific and (or) scientific and technical projects for 2023–2025 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, AR19676297 "Measures to counter the commission of certain types of offenses through chipping of certain categories of persons".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках реализации научного проекта грантового финансирования по научным и (или) научно-техническим проектам на 2023–2025 годы Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан, АР19676297 «Меры противодействия совершению некоторых видов правонарушений посредством чипирования отдельных категорий лиц».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="zh">The article was prepared as part of the implementation of a scientific project of grant funding for scientific and (or) scientific and technical projects for 2023–2025 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, AR19676297 "Measures to counter the commission of certain types of offenses through chipping of certain categories of persons".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tursunov AB, Galitsky FA, Begaliev EN, et al. 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