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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16085</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16085</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Forensic medical determination of the age of fractures based on X-ray research methods: A literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебно-медицинское определение давности переломов на основании данных рентгенологических методов исследования: научный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>基于放射学数据对骨折时效进行法医鉴定：科学综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-5746</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2397-7425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yulia B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ли</surname><given-names>Юлия Брониславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yulia B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p id="tw-target-text">MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>reineerdeluft@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-636X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1137-2991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishniakova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>Марина Валентиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vishniakova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>cherridra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4448</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3134-8457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>mcsim2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Primorsky Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приморское краевое бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Primorsky Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State University of Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный университет просвещения</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal State University of Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-06-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>229</fpage><lpage>240</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-07-31"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16085">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/16085</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Fractures of various locations as a result of traumatism rank second in both Russia and abroad. In Iran, and in the daily work of a forensic expert, skeletal trauma, if not prevalent, is one of the injuries encountered during the examination of victims, accused, and other persons. In addition to determining the mechanism of bone fracture formation, experts face cases of persistent injuries. Determining the time of the occurrence of bodily injuries in living persons generally does not involve special labor if full-fledged research objects are available. A much more difficult task is determining the age of a bone fracture from control radiographs, without primary clinical and radiological data, when the expert is provided with only control radiographs of the area of interest, which were taken after a long time has elapsed from the time of injury. In modern domestic and foreign scientific sources, no clear criteria have been established for determining the age of fractures based radiographs. Although some studies have been devoted to this issue in forensic medical literature, they are based on the results of nonradiological research methods: histological, histochemical, fractographic, ultrasound, and others. In the specialized literature on traumatology, determining the age of fractures since occurrence is not a priority. The analysis of literary sources shows the relevance of research on radiography methods for forensic medical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Переломы различной локализации занимают второе место в структуре травматизма как в России, так и за рубежом, и в повседневной работе судебно-медицинского эксперта скелетная травма является если не превалирующей, то одной из основных в ходе проведения экспертиз потерпевших, обвиняемых и других лиц. Кроме определения механизма образования перелома кости, перед экспертом стоит вопрос о давности травмы.</p> <p>Определение временного периода возникновения телесных повреждений у живых лиц не представляет, как правило, особого труда при наличии полноценных объектов для исследования. Гораздо более трудной задачей представляются случаи определения давности перелома кости по контрольным рентгенограммам без первичных клинико-рентгенологических данных, когда эксперту в качестве объекта для исследования предоставляются только контрольные рентгенограммы области интереса, сделанные чаще всего через длительный промежуток времени после травмы.</p> <p>В современных отечественных и зарубежных научных источниках отсутствуют чёткие критерии определения давности переломов на основании результатов рентгенографии. В судебно-медицинской литературе имеются работы, посвящённые данному вопросу, базирующиеся, однако, на результатах гистологического, гистохимического, фрактографического, ультразвукового и других методов исследования, но не рентгенологического. В специализированной литературе травматологического профиля проблема давности образования переломов не является приоритетной.</p> <p>Проведённый анализ литературных источников демонстрирует актуальность исследования метода рентгенографии для задач судебно-медицинской практики.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在俄罗斯和国外，不同部位的骨折在创伤结构中占第二位。在法医专家的日常工作中，在对受害者、被告和其他人进行专家鉴定的过程中，骨骼外伤即使不是最常见的外伤，也是最主要的外伤之一。除了确定骨折形成的机理外，专家还面临受伤时间的问题。</p> <p>一般来说，在有完整的检查对象的情况下，确定活人身体伤害发生的时间段并不特别困难。在没有主要临床和放射学数据的情况下，根据对照放射照片确定骨折年龄要困难得多。在这种情况下，专家只能获得相关部位的对照 X 光片作为研究对象，而这些X光片往往是在受伤很长时间后拍摄的。</p> <p>在国内外的现代科学资料中，并没有明确的标准来根据放射学检查结果确定骨折的年龄。在法医学文献中，有专门论述这一问题的著作。不过，这些著作都是以组织学、组织化学、骨折学、超声波和其他研究方法的结果为基础，而不是以放射学为基础。在专门的创伤学文献中，骨折形成的时间问题并不是重点。</p> <p>对文献的分析表明，研究放射学方法与法医实践任务息息相关。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age of fractures</kwd><kwd>radiographic periods of consolidation</kwd><kwd>callus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>давность переломов</kwd><kwd>рентгенологические сроки консолидации</kwd><kwd>костная мозоль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>骨折时效</kwd><kwd>放射学巩固时间</kwd><kwd>骨茧</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volotovsky PA, Sitnik AA, Beletsky AV. 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