<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15179</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm15179</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics and dynamics of autolytic microscopic changes in myocardial structures after hanging</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика и динамика посмертных аутолитических изменений в структурах миокарда в условиях жаркой аридной зоны</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>炎热干旱区条件下心肌结构死后自溶变化的特征和变动</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-0338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Indiaminov</surname><given-names>Sayit I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Индиаминов</surname><given-names>Сайит Индиаминович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Indiaminov</surname><given-names>Sayit I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>omadlikun@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-4288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhumanov</surname><given-names>Ziyadulla E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуманов</surname><given-names>Зиядулла Эшмаматович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zhumanov</surname><given-names>Ziyadulla E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Philosophy), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р философии по медицинским наукам, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Philosophy), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>omadlikun@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-1774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>Sofya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Софья Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>Sofya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UZ">Uzbekistan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>sofiya2709@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский научно-практический центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samarkand State Medical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самаркандский государственный медицинский институт</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Samarkand State Medical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>314</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/15179">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/15179</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>:</italic><italic> </italic>Establishing the duration of death is a main challenge in forensic medical examinations of the corpses of persons who died from various external influences. This problem has recently attracted the attention of several researchers in the field of forensic medicine worldwide, whose efforts have been focused on finding new approaches to solving this complex problem. However, to date, methods that allow establishing duration of death more accurately remains to be developed.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>:</italic><italic> </italic>To identify the dynamics of autolytic changes in myocardial structures at different times after death from hanging, making it possible to establish duration of death.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>:</italic><italic> </italic>The histological structure of the myocardium from 132 corpses of persons who died of mechanical asphyxia by hanging was studied. The corpses were of 112 men and 20 women aged 18–61 years. The postmortem period ranged from 6–14 to 72–76 hours, with most deaths occurring at 6–8 hours (9.8%), 9–10 hours (9.1%), 11–12 hours (8.3%), and 13–16 hours (7.6%). Cases with other postmortem periods ranged from 6.8% to 3.8%. In the Zeravshan Valley in Uzbekistan, which includes the main territory of the republic, the hot season usually lasts 3.6 months, from May 27 to September 14, with a maximum average daily temperature of 28°C–32°C. The hottest month of the year in the region is July, with an average temperature of 42°C–45°C. The cold season lasts 3.5 months on average, from November 25 to March 4, with a minimum average daily temperature of 8°C–11°C. Based on this, they were divided into the following subgroups: those who died in conditions of relatively low ambient temperatures (–7... + 14°C; <italic>n</italic>=63), those who died in conditions of average temperatures (7°С–20°С; <italic>n</italic>=46), and those who died in conditions of high temperatures (not lower than 25°С–30°С; <italic>n</italic>=23). In addition to the external temperature, other factors were considered, such as humidity, pressure, wind speed, etc., information on which was obtained through the official website of the Uzhydromet center (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://ru.weatherspark.com)">https://ru.weatherspark.com)</ext-link>.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic><italic> </italic>Under high air temperature conditions, autolytic changes in cardiomyocytes appeared 9–10 hours after death from hanging; by 25–28 hours, an increase in the area of cell cytolysis was observed. Under average ambient temperature conditions, similar changes in cardiomyocytes were noted after 11–12 hours, and by 25–28 hours, cardiomyocyte shrinkage was determined. Under low temperature conditions, similar conditions were found at 13–14 and 25–28 hours. Pronounced destructive changes in vascular structures in high temperature conditions occurred within 19–20 hours after death. The perivascular space greatly expands during the postmortem period, and in average temperature conditions, such states are observed by 21–22 hours and after 23–24 hours in low temperature conditions. In high temperature conditions, autolysis in the vessels developed 11–12 hours after death from hanging. Furthermore, in average temperature conditions, these changes were observed after 13–14 hours and after 15–16 hours in low temperature conditions. Consequently, autolytic changes in the structures of blood vessels and intravascular contents of the myocardium develop at different times in the postmortem period, depending on the temperature conditions of the external environment.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>:</italic><italic> </italic>Considering the results of the assessment of the degree of development of cadaveric phenomena and those of supravital reactions, the data provided can be used in forensic practice in establishing the age of death after hanging, depending on the temperature conditions of the dry arid zone.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Установление давности наступления смерти является основным вопросом процесса судебно-медицинских экспертиз трупов лиц, погибших от разных внешних воздействий. В последнее время данная проблема привлекает внимание всё большего числа исследователей в области судебной медицины, усилия которых сосредоточены на поиске новых подходов к решению этой сложной задачи.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― выявление динамики аутолитических изменений в структурах миокарда в разные сроки после смерти от повешения, позволяющих установить давность наступления смерти.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы</bold>. Исследовали гистологическое строение миокарда от 132 трупов лиц, погибших в результате механической асфиксии через повешение. Среди погибших было 112 мужчин и 20 женщин в возрасте от 18 лет до 61 года. Сроки посмертного периода составили от 6–14 до 72–76 ч, при этом наибольшее число случаев повешения приходилось на временные промежутки 6.00–8.00 (9,8%), 9.00–10.00 (9,1%), 11.00–12.00 (8,3%) и 13.00–16.00 (7,6%). Случаи с остальными сроками посмертного периода составили от 6,8% до 3,8%. В регионе Зеравшанской долины, куда входит основная территория Узбекистана, жаркий сезон года обычно длится 3,6 месяца, с 27 мая по 14 сентября, с максимальной среднесуточной температурой не менее 28–32°C. Самый жаркий месяц в году ― июль со средним температурным максимумом 42–45°C. Холодный сезон длится в среднем 3,5 месяца, с 25 ноября по 4 марта, с минимальной среднесуточной температурой ниже 8–11°C. Исходя из этого наблюдения, погибшие были распределены в следующие подгруппы: умершие в условиях относительно низких температур внешней среды (-7….+14°С) ― 63; умершие в условиях средних температур (7–20°С) ― 46; умершие в условиях высоких температур (не ниже 25–30°С) ― 23. Кроме температуры внешней среды, учитывались и другие факторы: влажность, давление, скорость ветра и пр.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В условиях высокой температуры воздуха аутолитические изменения в кардиомиоцитах после смерти от повешения проявляются с 9–10 ч, к 25–28 ч наблюдается увеличение площади цитолиза клеток. В условиях средней температуры окружающей среды подобные изменения в кардиомиоцитах наблюдаются через 11–12 ч, а к 25–28 ч отмечается сморщивание кардиомиоцитов; в условиях низкой температуры подобные состояния наблюдаются к 13–14 ч и 25–28 ч соответственно. Выраженные деструктивные изменения в структурах сосудов в условиях высокой температуры начинаются с 19–20 ч посмертного периода, периваскулярное пространство в этот период сильно расширяется, а в условиях средней температуры подобные состояния наблюдаются к 21–22 ч, в условиях низкой температуры ― через 23–24 ч. Аутолиз форменных элементов крови в сосудах после смерти от повешения в условиях высокой температуры развивается через 11–12 ч посмертного периода, в условиях средней температуры ― после 13–14 ч, в условиях низкой температуры ― через 15–16 ч. Следовательно, аутолитические изменения в структурах сосудов и во внутрисосудистом содержимом миокарда развиваются в разные сроки посмертного периода в зависимости от температурных условий внешней среды.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Приведённые данные с учётом результатов оценки степени развития трупных явлений и результатов суправитальных реакций могут быть применены в судебно-медицинской практике для установления давности наступления смерти после повешения в зависимости от температурных условий сухой аридной зоны.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>。确定死亡时间是对死于各种外部影响的人尸体进行法医学鉴定过程中的主要问题。最近，这个问题引起了法医学领域越来越多研究人员的关注，他们的工作重点是寻找解决这一复杂问题的新方法。</p> <p><bold>该研究的目的</bold>是揭示绞死后在不同阶段中心肌结构的自溶变化过程，从而确定死亡时间。</p> <p><bold>材料与方法</bold>。我们研究了 132 具因机械性上吊窒息而死亡人尸体的心肌组织学结构。死者中有 112 名男生和 20 名女生，年龄在 18 至 61 岁之间。死后时期从 6-14 小时到 72-76 小时不等，其中在 6.00-8.00（9.8%）、9.00-10.00（9.1%）、11.00-12.00（8.3%） 和 13.00-16.00（7.6%）时间间隔内发生的上吊案例最多。其他死后时期的案例占 6.8% 至 3.8%。在泽拉夫尚河山谷地区，包括乌兹别克斯坦的主要区域，一年中的高温季节通常持续 3.6 个月，从 5 月 27 日到 9 月 14 日，最高日平均气温至少为 28-32ºC。一年中的最热月份是 7 月，最高平均温度为 42-45ºC。寒冷季节平均持续 3.5 个月，从 11 月 25 日到次年 3 月 4 日，最低日平均气温低于 8-11ºC 。根据这一观察结果，死者被分为以下几组：在相对较低的环境温度（-7....+14℃）下死亡的—63 人；在中等温度（7-20℃）下死亡的—46 人；在高温（至少 25-30℃）下死亡的—23 人。除环境温度外，还考虑了其他因素：湿度、气压、风速等。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>。在高气温条件下，绞死死亡后的心肌细胞从 9-10 小时开始出现自溶变化，到 25-28 小时，细胞溶解面积增加。在中等环境温度条件下，11-12 小时后观察到心肌细胞发生类似变化 ，25-28 小时后观察到心肌细胞干瘪；在低温条件下，13-14 小时和 25-28小时后分别观察到类似情况。在高温条件下，血管结构从死后 19-20 小时开始出现破坏性变化，这一时期血管周围空间明显扩大；在中温条件下，到21-22 小时出现这种情况；在低温条件下，23-24 小时后出现这种情况。在高温条件下，绞死后血管中的血液成分在死后 11-12 小时后发生自溶；在中温条件下，在 13-14 小时后发生自溶；在低温条件下，在 15-16 小时后发生自溶。因此，根据外部环境的温度条件，血管结构和心肌血管内成分的自溶变化会在不同死后期间发生。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>。考虑到尸体现象发展程度的评估结果和超生反应的结果，给出的数据可用于法医学实践，根据干旱地区的温度条件确定绞死后的死亡时间。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hot arid zone</kwd><kwd>hanging</kwd><kwd>death</kwd><kwd>duration of death</kwd><kwd>myocardium</kwd><kwd>autolysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жаркая аридная зона</kwd><kwd>повешение</kwd><kwd>смерть</kwd><kwd>давность установления смерти</kwd><kwd>миокард</kwd><kwd>аутолиз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>炎热干旱区</kwd><kwd>绞死</kwd><kwd>死亡</kwd><kwd>死亡时间确定</kwd><kwd>心肌</kwd><kwd>自溶</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buromsky IV, Sidorenko ES, Ermakova YuV. The current state of the establishment of prescription of death coming and the ways to its further. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2018;61(4):59–62. EDN: XYHFPN doi: 10.17116/sudmed201861459</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буромский И.В, Сидоренко Е.С., Ермакова Ю.В. Современное состояние и пути дальнейшего совершенствования установления давности наступления смерти // Судебно-медицинская экспертиза. 2018. Т. 61, № 4. С. 59–62. EDN: XYHFPN doi: 10.17116/sudmed201861459</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Buromsky IV, Sidorenko ES, Ermakova YuV. The current state of the establishment of prescription of death coming and the ways to its further. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2018;61(4):59–62. EDN: XYHFPN doi: 10.17116/sudmed201861459</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bleshnikov IL, Belykh AN, Boldarian AA, et al. Forensic medicine: National guide. Ed. by Y.I. Pigolkin. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. P. 26. (In Russ). EDN: IAIOGC</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белешников И.Л., Белых А.Н., Болдарян А.А., и др. Судебная медицина: национальное руководство / под ред. чл.-корр. РАН Ю.И. Пиголкина. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2018. С. 26. EDN: IAIOGC</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Bleshnikov IL, Belykh AN, Boldarian AA, et al. Forensic medicine: National guide. Ed. by Y.I. Pigolkin. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. P. 26. (In Russ). EDN: IAIOGC</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blair JA, Wang Hernandez D, Siedlak SL, et al. Individual case analysis of postmortem interval time on brain tissue preservation. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):0151615. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151615</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blair J.A., Wang Hernandez D., Siedlak S.L., et al. Individual case analysis of postmortem interval time on brain tissue preservation // PLoS One. 2016. Vol. 11, N 3. P. 0151615. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151615</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Blair JA, Wang Hernandez D, Siedlak SL, et al. Individual case analysis of postmortem interval time on brain tissue preservation. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):0151615. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151615</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siddamsetty AK, Verma SK, Kohli A, et al. Estimation of time since death from electrolyte, glucose and calcium analysis of postmortem vitreous humor in semi-arid climate. Med Sci Law. 2014;54(3):158–166. doi: 10.1177/0025802413506424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siddamsetty A.K., Verma S.K., Kohli A., et al. Estimation of time since death from electrolyte, glucose and calcium analysis of postmortem vitreous humour in semi-arid climate // Med Sci Law. 2014. Vol. 54, N 3. P. 158–166. doi: 10.1177/0025802413506424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Siddamsetty AK, Verma SK, Kohli A, et al. Estimation of time since death from electrolyte, glucose and calcium analysis of postmortem vitreous humor in semi-arid climate. Med Sci Law. 2014;54(3):158–166. doi: 10.1177/0025802413506424</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tao L, Ma JL, Chen L. [Research progress on estimation of early postmortem interval. (In Chinese)]. Fa Yi XueZa Zhi. 2016;32(6):444–447. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tao L., Ma J.L., Chen L. [Research progress on estimation of early postmortem interval. (In Chinese).] // Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2016. Vol. 32, N 6. P. 444–447. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Tao L, Ma JL, Chen L. [Research progress on estimation of early postmortem interval. (In Chinese)]. Fa Yi XueZa Zhi. 2016;32(6):444–447. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y, Wang L, Yin Y, Yang E. Systematic analysis of gene expression patterns associated with postmortem interval in human tissues. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05882-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y., Wang L., Yin Y., Yang E. Systematic analysis of gene expression patterns associated with postmortem interval in human tissues // Sci Rep. 2017. Vol. 7, N 1. P. 5435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05882-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zhu Y, Wang L, Yin Y, Yang E. Systematic analysis of gene expression patterns associated with postmortem interval in human tissues. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05882-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vavilov AY, Malkov AV. Accounting for the «temperature plateau» as a condition for improving the accuracy of diagnosing the age of death. Meditsinskaya ekspertiza i pravo. 2012;(1):14–16. (In Russ). EDN: OXWMAN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вавилов А.Ю., Малков А.В. Учет «температурного плато» как условие повышения точности диагностики давности смерти человека // Медицинская экспертиза и право. 2012. № 1. С. 14–16. EDN: OXWMAN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Vavilov AY, Malkov AV. Accounting for the «temperature plateau» as a condition for improving the accuracy of diagnosing the age of death. Meditsinskaya ekspertiza i pravo. 2012;(1):14–16. (In Russ). EDN: OXWMAN</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavrukova OS, Popov VL, Lyabzina SN, et al. The changes in the temperature of a corpse in the course of its decomposition (an experimental study). Forensic Medical Expertise. 2017;60(3):19–22. EDN: WHRJKO doi: 10.17116/sudmed201760319-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаврукова О.С., Попов В.Л., Лябзина С.Н., и др. Изменение температуры трупа в процессе его разложения (экспериментальное исследование) // Судебно-медицинская экспертиза. 2017. Т. 60, № 3. С. 19–22. EDN: WHRJKO doi: 10.17116/sudmed201760319-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Lavrukova OS, Popov VL, Lyabzina SN, et al. The changes in the temperature of a corpse in the course of its decomposition (an experimental study). Forensic Medical Expertise. 2017;60(3):19–22. EDN: WHRJKO doi: 10.17116/sudmed201760319-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pigolkin YuI, Korovin AA, Bogomolov DV, Bogomolova IN. Morphometric approaches to diagnosing the duration of death. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2001;44(1):3–6. EDN: YFKUBT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пиголкин Ю.И., Коровин А.А., Богомолов Д.В., Богомолова И.Н. Морфометрические подходы к диагностике давности наступления смерти // Судебно-медицинская экспертиза. 2001. Т. 44, № 1. С. 3–6. EDN: YFKUBT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Pigolkin YuI, Korovin AA, Bogomolov DV, Bogomolova IN. Morphometric approaches to diagnosing the duration of death. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2001;44(1):3–6. EDN: YFKUBT</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Putintsev VA, Bogomolov DV, Sundukov DV. Morphological characteristics of different rates of dying. General Reanimatology. 2018;14(4):35–43. EDN: YYFLED doi: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-4-35-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Путинцев В.А., Богомолов Д.В., Сундуков Д.В. Морфологические признаки различий темпов наступления смерти // Общая реаниматология. 2018. Т. 14, № 4. С. 35–43. EDN: YYFLED doi: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-4-35-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Putintsev VA, Bogomolov DV, Sundukov DV. Morphological characteristics of different rates of dying. General Reanimatology. 2018;14(4):35–43. EDN: YYFLED doi: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-4-35-43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hostiuc S, Rusu MC, Mănoiu VS, et al. Usefulness of ultrastructure studies for the estimation of the postmortem interval. A systematic review. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2017;58(2):377–384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hostiuc S., Rusu M.C., Mănoiu V.S., et al. Usefulness of ultrastructure studies for the estimation of the postmortem interval. A systematic review // Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2017. Vol. 58, N 2. P. 377–384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Hostiuc S, Rusu MC, Mănoiu VS, et al. Usefulness of ultrastructure studies for the estimation of the postmortem interval. A systematic review. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2017;58(2):377–384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang AS, Quan GL, Gao YG, et al. Rectal temperature of corpse and estimation of postmortem interval. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019;35(6):726–732. doi: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.06.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang A.S., Quan G.L., Gao Y.G., et al. Rectal temperature of corpse and estimation of postmortem interval // Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019. Vol. 35, N 6. P. 726–732. doi: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.06.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Yang AS, Quan GL, Gao YG, et al. Rectal temperature of corpse and estimation of postmortem interval. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019;35(6):726–732. doi: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.06.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viter VI, Kungurova VV, Korotun VN. Forensic histology: A manual for doctors. 4th ed., revised and updated. Perm; Izhevsk: Expertiza; 2011. 259 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витер В.И., Кунгурова В.В., Коротун В.Н. Судебно-медицинская гистология: руководство для врачей. Изд. 4-е, перераб. и доп. Пермь; Ижевск: Экспертиза, 2011. 259 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Viter VI, Kungurova VV, Korotun VN. Forensic histology: A manual for doctors. 4th ed., revised and updated. Perm; Izhevsk: Expertiza; 2011. 259 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Indiaminov SI, Zhumanov ZE, Blinova SA. Problems of establishing the limitation of death. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2020;63(6):45–50. EDN: FXLSCS doi: 10.17116/sudmed20206306145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Индиаминов С.И., Жуманов З.Э., Блинова С.А. Проблемы установления давности наступления смерти // Судебно-медицинская экспертиза. 2020. Т. 63, № 6. С. 45–50. EDN: FXLSCS doi: 10.17116/sudmed20206306145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Indiaminov SI, Zhumanov ZE, Blinova SA. Problems of establishing the limitation of death. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2020;63(6):45–50. EDN: FXLSCS doi: 10.17116/sudmed20206306145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osmikin VA, Osmikin YuV. Issues of entomology in forensic medicine. In: Modern issues of forensic medicine and expert practice: A collection of scientific articles. Ed. by V.I. Viter. Issue 9. Izhevsk: Expertise; 1997. Р. 138–143. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осьмикин В.А., Осьмикин Ю.В. Вопросы энтомологии в судебной медицине // Современные вопросы судебной медицины и экспертной практики: сборник научных статей / под ред. профессора В.И. Витера. Вып. 9. Ижевск: Экспертиза, 1997. С. 138–143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Osmikin VA, Osmikin YuV. Issues of entomology in forensic medicine. In: Modern issues of forensic medicine and expert practice: A collection of scientific articles. Ed. by V.I. Viter. Issue 9. Izhevsk: Expertise; 1997. Р. 138–143. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C, Li Z, Tuo Y, et al. MALDI-TOF MS as a novel tool for the estimation of postmortem interval in live tissue samples. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4887. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05216-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C., Li Z., Tuo Y., et al. MALDI-TOF MS as a novel tool for the estimation of postmortem interval in liver tissue samples // Sci Rep. 2017. Vol. 7, N 1. P. 4887. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05216-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Li C, Li Z, Tuo Y, et al. MALDI-TOF MS as a novel tool for the estimation of postmortem interval in live tissue samples. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4887. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05216-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zissler A, Ehrenfellner B, Foditsch EE, et al. Does altered protein metabolism interfere with postmortem degradation analysis for PMI estimation? Int J Legal Med. 2018;132(5):1349–1356. doi: 10.1007/s00414-018-1814-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zissler A., Ehrenfellner B., Foditsch E.E., et al. Does altered protein metabolism interfere with postmortem degradation analysis for PMI estimation? // Int J Legal Med. 2018. Vol. 132, N 5. P. 1349–1356. doi: 10.1007/s00414-018-1814-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zissler A, Ehrenfellner B, Foditsch EE, et al. Does altered protein metabolism interfere with postmortem degradation analysis for PMI estimation? Int J Legal Med. 2018;132(5):1349–1356. doi: 10.1007/s00414-018-1814-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babkina EP, Dolotin SA. The determination of depending on the duration of injury and time of death the dynamics of changes in the temperature characteristics of the liver. Russ J Forensic Medicine. 2017;3(4):8–11. EDN: ZXYEUX doi: 10.19048/2411-8729-2017-3-4-8-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабкина Е.П., Долотин С.А. О возможности установления давности причинения травмы и времени смерти по динамике изменений температурных показателей печени // Судебная медицина. 2017. Т. 3, № 4. C. 8–11. EDN: ZXYEUX doi: 10.19048/2411-8729-2017-3-4-8-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Babkina EP, Dolotin SA. The determination of depending on the duration of injury and time of death the dynamics of changes in the temperature characteristics of the liver. Russ J Forensic Medicine. 2017;3(4):8–11. EDN: ZXYEUX doi: 10.19048/2411-8729-2017-3-4-8-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akopov VI. Forensic medicine: Textbook for bachelors. 3rd ed., revised and updated. Moscow: Yurait; 2016. 478 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акопов В.И. Судебная медицина: учебник для бакалавров. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. Москва: Юрайт, 2016. 478 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Akopov VI. Forensic medicine: Textbook for bachelors. 3rd ed., revised and updated. Moscow: Yurait; 2016. 478 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzovkov AV. Determination of the age of human death by non-invasive thermometric method [dissertation abstract]: 14.03.05. Place of defence: Moscow State Medical and Dental University named after A.I. Evdokimov. Izhevsk; 2017. 23 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузовков А.В. Определение давности смерти человека неинвазивным термометрическим способом: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук: 14.03.05. Место защиты: Моск. гос. мед.-стоматолог. ун-т им. А.И. Евдокимова. Ижевск, 2017. 23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kuzovkov AV. Determination of the age of human death by non-invasive thermometric method [dissertation abstract]: 14.03.05. Place of defence: Moscow State Medical and Dental University named after A.I. Evdokimov. Izhevsk; 2017. 23 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumenko VG, Mityaeva NA. Histological and cytological methods of research in forensic medicine: Manual. Moscow: Medicine; 1980. 304 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Науменко В.Г., Митяева Н.А. Гистологические и цитологические методы исследования в судебной медицине: руководство. Москва: Медицина, 1980. 304 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Naumenko VG, Mityaeva NA. Histological and cytological methods of research in forensic medicine: Manual. Moscow: Medicine; 1980. 304 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
