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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14218</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm14218</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Delayed deaths in near-hanging cases: An autopsy study of causes and associated factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Отсроченная смерть при незавершённом повешении: исследование причин и сопутствующих факторов по результатам аутопсии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>不完全缢吊导致的延迟死亡：根据尸检结果对死亡原因和相关因素的研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-1133</contrib-id><name><surname>Hosahally</surname><given-names>Jayanth S.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры судебной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine,</p></bio><email>veejay02@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-8114</contrib-id><name><surname>Chandra</surname><given-names>Girish Y.P.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, кафедра судебной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine</p></bio><email>girishchandra14@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-0549</contrib-id><name><surname>Hugar</surname><given-names>Basappa S.</given-names></name><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, кафедра судебной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine</p></bio><email>bshugar2007@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dr Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research, DSU</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт медицинского образования и исследований доктора Чандраммы Даянанды Сагара, DSU</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Dr Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research, DSU</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MS Ramaiah Medical College</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский колледж имени М.С. Рамайя</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">MS Ramaiah Medical College</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>373</fpage><lpage>381</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-02"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-22"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/14218">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/14218</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>Near-hanging refers to individuals who survive a hanging injury for various durations. However, hospitalized patients succumb to complications resulting in delayed deaths.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>:</italic> to evaluate various factors associated with causes of delayed death in near-hanging events and provide insight into the improvement of emergency services.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<italic> </italic></bold>A prospective autopsy-based study was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, between 2012 and 2021. All near-hanging cases of hospitalized patients who later succumbed to complications and were subsequently subjected to medicolegal autopsy were included in the study.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><italic> </italic>Victims were commonly women aged 19–30 years. More than half of them could reach the hospital within 30 min to 1 hour, and 47.8% of them were suspended for between 1–3 min. Moreover, 65% survived for more than a day. Partial hanging with a faint ligature mark was more common, and 95.7% of them had taken off from a platform with a falling height of &lt;1 metre. Cerebral edema and consolidation were the common postmortem findings in the brain and lungs. Death was attributed to hypoxic encephalopathy in the majority of the cases.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Longer the duration of suspension, higher fall height, noncontact with the ground while being suspended, cerebral edema, hypoxia, pulmonary edema, hypotension, and need for resuscitation are predictors of fatal outcomes in near-hanging events.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Незавершённый суицид путём повешения часто приводит к патологическим состояниям у лиц, переживших странгуляционную асфиксию различной длительности. У госпитализированных пациентов могут возникать осложнения, приводящие к отсроченной смерти.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>― оценить различные факторы, связанные с причинами отсроченной смерти в случаях незавершённого повешения, и предложить рекомендации по улучшению работы служб экстренной медицинской помощи.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проспективное исследование по результатам аутопсии проводилось в период с 2012 по 2021 год на кафедре судебной медицины Медицинского колледжа им. М.С. Рамайя (Индия). В исследование были включены все случаи незавершённого повешения с последующей госпитализацией пациентов, которые впоследствии скончались от полученных осложнений и были подвергнуты судебно-медицинскому вскрытию.</p> <p>Результаты. Пострадавшими, как правило, были женщины в возрасте от 19 до 30 лет. Более половины из них смогли добраться до больницы в течение 30 минут – 1 часа после инцидента, 47,8% испытывали асфиксию в течение 1–3 минут, при этом 65% пациентов ещё были живы более суток. Чаще всего встречалось неполное повешение со слабовыраженной странгуляционной бороздой, 95,7% из них закончились падением с высоты не менее 1 метра. При вскрытии чаще всего обнаруживали отёк головного мозга и лёгких. Смерть в большинстве случаев наступала в результате гипоксической энцефалопатии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Предикторами летального исхода при незавершённом повешении являются продолжительность странгуляции, большая высота падения, отсутствие контакта с опорой, отёк головного мозга и лёгких, гипоксия, гипотензия.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/><title>简评</title> <p><bold>论证。</bold>不完全缢吊自杀往往会导致不同时间段的勒死窒息幸存者出现病理状态。住院患者可能会出现导致延迟死亡的并发症。</p> <p><bold>该研究的目</bold>的是评估与不完全缢吊导致的延迟死亡原因有关的各种因素，提出关于改善紧急医疗服务的建议。</p> <p><bold>材料与方法。</bold>这项前瞻性尸检研究是2012年至2021年在印度M.S.Ramaiah医学 院（M.S.Ramaiah Medical College）法医学系进行的。该研究包括所有不完全缢吊并随后住院治疗的病例。这些患者随后死于并发症，并接受了法医学尸体检验。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>受害者多为19至30岁的女人。半数以上的受害者能在事发后30分钟至1小时内到达医院。47.8%的患者在1-3分钟内经历了窒息。同时，65%的患者在超过一天后仍然存活。最常见的是不完全缢吊，勒痕不明显，其中95.7%的病例是从至少1m的高处坠落。尸体解剖时最常发现的是脑水肿和肺水肿。大多数病例死于缺氧性脑病。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>不完全缢吊致死的预测因素包括：勒死时间长、坠落高度高、未与支撑物接触、脑水肿和肺水肿、缺氧、低血压。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cause of death</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>suicide</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>повешение</kwd><kwd>причина смерти</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>самоубийство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>缢吊</kwd><kwd>死因</kwd><kwd>并发症</kwd><kwd>自杀</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karanth S, Nayyar V. 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