<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm12389</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Forensic and forensic aspects of childhood traumatism as a result of domestic injuries and traffic accidents: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Криминалистические и судебно-экспертные аспекты детского травматизма в результате бытовых травм и дорожно-транспортных происшествий: научный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>家庭外伤和道路交通事故造成的儿童外伤的技侦和法医学问题：科学综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0124-255X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2692-8095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tursunov</surname><given-names>Aidos B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турсунов</surname><given-names>Айдос Булатович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tursunov</surname><given-names>Aidos B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>aidosshar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-0967</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3366-3248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galitskiy</surname><given-names>Frants A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галицкий</surname><given-names>Франц Антонович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Galitskiy</surname><given-names>Frants A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>galickif@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-8576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1929-3392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Begaliyev</surname><given-names>Yernar N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бегалиев</surname><given-names>Ернар Нурланович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Begaliyev</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Jurisprud.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р юр. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Jurisprud.), Professor</p></bio><email>ernar-begaliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-8575</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5934-3789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhanova</surname><given-names>Aizhan T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаханова</surname><given-names>Айжан Тунгышхановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shakhanova</surname><given-names>Aizhan T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>aizhanshat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9380-3432</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7987-3742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmangali</surname><given-names>Zhanar К.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмангали</surname><given-names>Жанар Куанышбай кызы</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kurmangali</surname><given-names>Zhanar К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>zhanar.k.kurmangali@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies under the General Prosecutors Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия правоохранительных органов при Генеральной прокуратуре Республики Казахстан</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies under the General Prosecutors Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Astana Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Астана</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Astana Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Semey Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Семей</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Semey Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Internal Medicine of the Corporate Fund “University Medical Сenter</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Департамент внутренней медицины Корпоративного фонда «University Medical center»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Department of Internal Medicine of the Corporate Fund “University Medical Сenter</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>299</fpage><lpage>308</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-24"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-10-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/12389">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/12389</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Childhood injuries are a major cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly in low-, and middle-income countries. Recent data showed that about 5 million children die from injuries per year. About 1 million children under 18 years old die of injury and more than 2000 children die per day, of which child injuries account for 5.4% (265 000–348 000) of child deaths annually worldwide. A detailed analysis of the epidemiology of childhood injuries can provide possible insights into their prevention and early intervention to reduce future disability due to childhood injuries.</p> <p>In this review, the specificity of childhood body injuries in accidents and road traffic accidents and their qualitative differences from adult injuries were investigated, and current techniques for the detection, fixation, and recovery of childhood body trauma were reviewed through forensic investigation.</p> <p>A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Ebscohost, Medline, The Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, Web of Knowledge, Paragraph Medicine, and ScienceDirect databases to identify published studies for the last 20 years: from 1993 to 2023. Inclusion criteria were reports of randomized and cohort studies conducted on large populations, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, and articles in English, and Russian. Exclusion criteria were articles describing single cases and case series, published earlier than 1993, materials with no evidence base, abstracts of reports, abstracts, and newspaper articles. Out of 56 literature sources, 44 were selected as an analytical material for this article.</p> <p>The literature review demonstrated that the absolute number of major childhood injuries has not declined over the past decade. Road traffic crashes remain the leading cause of injury and death in children. Adolescents are at greatest risk of serious injuries. Appropriate use of child restraints and safety equipment remains a key factor of the prevention. The adaptation of the urban environment is also a promising approach to child injury prevention among pedestrians and cyclists. As the social environment is a strong determinant of collisions, new road safety interventions must be implemented and evaluated with equity in mind to ensure safe roads for all.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Детский травматизм является одной из основных причин смертности и инвалидности в мире, особенно в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода. По данным статистики последних лет, около 5 млн детей ежегодно умирают в результате нанесённых травм; ежегодно умирают от полученных травм примерно 1 млн детей в возрасте до 18 лет, ежедневно ― более 2000 детей. Детальный анализ эпидемиологии детского травматизма может дать возможное представление о его профилактике и вмешательстве на начальном уровне для снижения инвалидизации детей.</p> <p>С целью изучения особенностей формирования травм на теле ребёнка при несчастных случаях и дорожно-транспортных происшествиях в сравнении с травмами у взрослых людей проанализированы 44 литературных источника, размещённых в международных базах данных за последние 20 лет.</p> <p>Анализ литературы показал, что за последнее десятилетие абсолютное число крупных детских травм не уменьшилось. Дорожно-транспортные происшествия остаются основной причиной травм и смерти у детей. Подростки подвержены наибольшему риску получения тяжёлой травмы. Соответствующее использование детских удерживающих устройств в салоне автомобиля и защитного снаряжения остаётся ключевым фактором профилактики. Адаптация условий городской среды также является перспективным подходом к профилактике детского травматизма среди пешеходов и велосипедистов.</p> <p>Бытовые травмы чаще наблюдаются у детей дошкольного возраста во время пребывания их в квартире, помещениях, на лестничной площадке, во дворе дома, во время занятий спортом и др. У грудных детей 1/3 всех повреждений составляют ожоги, около 20% ― переломы, ушибы, ранения острыми и колющими предметами, отравления, попадание в дыхательные пути мелких предметов и рвотных масс.</p> <p>Таким образом, детский травматизм занимает ведущее место в структуре общей заболеваемости и смертности; преобладают бытовые травмы и повреждения в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий. В свою очередь, предупреждение травматизма является важной актуальной проблемой, сохраняющейся на протяжении последних лет.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>儿童外伤是世界上导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一，尤其是在中低收入国家。根据最近的统计数据，每年约有500万儿童死于外伤；每年约有100万18岁以下儿童死于外伤，每天有2000多名儿童死亡。对儿童外伤的流行病学进行详细分析，可以为初级预防和干预提供可能的见解，以减少儿童残疾。</p> <p>为了研究意外事故和道路交通事故对儿童身体造成的外伤与成人外伤相比的特殊性，我们分析了过去20年中国际数据库中的44篇文献资料。</p> <p>文献分析表明了，在过去十年中，儿童重大外伤事故的绝对数量并未减少。道路交通事故仍然是儿童受伤和死亡的主要原因。青少年受重伤的风险最大。适当使用儿童安全座椅和保护设备仍然是一个关键的预防因素。适应城市环境也是预防儿童行人和骑自行车者受伤的一种有希望的方法。</p> <p>学龄前儿童在公寓、房间、楼梯上、院子里、体育活动中等逗留期间更容易受到家庭外伤。1/3的婴儿外伤是火伤，约20%是骨折、瘀伤、用利器的外伤、中毒、小物体和呕吐物进入呼吸道。</p> <p>因此，儿童外伤在一般发病率和死亡率结构中占主导地位，其中家庭外伤和道路交通事故造成的损伤占主导地位。而预防儿童外伤则是近年来持续存在的一个热点问题。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>child injuries</kwd><kwd>road traffic accidents</kwd><kwd>accidents</kwd><kwd>specificity of child injuries</kwd><kwd>forensic science</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детский травматизм</kwd><kwd>дорожно-транспортные происшествия</kwd><kwd>несчастные случаи</kwd><kwd>особенности травм у детей</kwd><kwd>судебная экспертиза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>儿童外伤</kwd><kwd>道路交通事故</kwd><kwd>事故</kwd><kwd>儿童受伤的特殊性</kwd><kwd>法医学鉴定</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, et al. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Inj Prev. 2020;26(Supp. 1):i96–114. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James S.L., Castle C.D., Dingels Z.V., et al. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 // Inj Prev. 2020. Vol. 26, Supp. 1. P. i96–114. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, et al. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Inj Prev. 2020;26(Supp. 1):i96–114. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kundal VK, Debnath PR, Sen A. Epidemiology of pediatric trauma and its pattern in Urban India: A tertiary care hospital-based experience. J Indian Association Pediatric Surg. 2017;22(1):33–37. doi: 10.4103/0971-9261.194618</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kundal V.K., Debnath P.R., Sen A. Epidemiology of pediatric trauma and its pattern in Urban India: A tertiary care hospital-based experience // J Indian Association Pediatric Surg. 2017. Vol. 22, N 1. P. 33–37. doi: 10.4103/0971-9261.194618</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kundal VK, Debnath PR, Sen A. Epidemiology of pediatric trauma and its pattern in Urban India: A tertiary care hospital-based experience. J Indian Association Pediatric Surg. 2017;22(1):33–37. doi: 10.4103/0971-9261.194618</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO/UNICEF. Child and adolescent injury prevention: A global call to action. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO/UNICEF. Child and adolescent injury prevention: A global call to action. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">WHO/UNICEF. Child and adolescent injury prevention: A global call to action. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiragu AW, Dunlop SJ, Mwarumba N, et al. Pediatric trauma care in low resource settings: Challenges, opportunities, and solutions. Front Pediatrics. 2018;(6):155. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiragu A.W., Dunlop S.J., Mwarumba N., et al. Pediatric trauma care in low resource settings: Challenges, opportunities, and solutions // Front Pediatrics. 2018. N 6. Р. 155. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kiragu AW, Dunlop SJ, Mwarumba N, et al. Pediatric trauma care in low resource settings: Challenges, opportunities, and solutions. Front Pediatrics. 2018;(6):155. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00155</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2015 Mortality and causes of death collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1459–1544. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 // Lancet. 2016. Vol. 388, N 10053. P. 1459–544. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">GBD 2015 Mortality and causes of death collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1459–1544. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Child Mortality 2019. Levels trends child mortal. United nations children’s fund; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Child Mortality 2019. Levels Trends Child Mortal. United Nations Children’s Fund, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">WHO. Child Mortality 2019. Levels trends child mortal. United nations children’s fund; 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Ippolito A, Collins CL, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of pediatric holiday-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):931–937. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Ippolito A., Collins C.L., Comstock R.D. Epidemiology of pediatric holiday-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments // Pediatrics. 2010. Vol. 125, N 5. P. 931–937. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">D’Ippolito A, Collins CL, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of pediatric holiday-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):931–937. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aoki M, Abe T, Saitoh D, Oshima K. Epidemiology, patterns of treatment, and mortality of pediatric trauma patients in Japan. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1):917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37579-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aoki M., Abe T., Saitoh D., Oshima K. Epidemiology, patterns of treatment, and mortality of pediatric trauma patients in Japan // Scientific Reports. 2019. Vol. 9, N 1. P. 917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37579-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Aoki M, Abe T, Saitoh D, Oshima K. Epidemiology, patterns of treatment, and mortality of pediatric trauma patients in Japan. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1):917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37579-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coulthard MG, Varghese V, Harvey LP, et al. A review of children with severe trauma admitted to pediatric intensive care in Queensland, Australia. PloS One. 2019;14(2):e0211530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211530</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coulthard M.G., Varghese V., Harvey L.P., et al. A review of children with severe trauma admitted to pediatric intensive care in Queensland, Australia // PloS One. 2019. Vol. 14, N 2. P. e0211530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211530</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Coulthard MG, Varghese V, Harvey LP, et al. A review of children with severe trauma admitted to pediatric intensive care in Queensland, Australia. PloS One. 2019;14(2):e0211530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211530</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Özaşır D, Özüçelik DN, Yazıcıoğlu M, et al. Evaluation of the affecting factors for pediatric trauma patients in the adult emergency medicine department: Preliminary study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2015;2(2):178–186. doi: 10.17681/hsp.37594</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Özaşır D., Özüçelik D.N., Yazıcıoğlu M., et al. Evaluation of the affecting factors for pediatric trauma patients in the adult emergency medicine department: Preliminary study // Arch Health Sci Res. 2015. Vol. 2, N 2. P. 178–186. doi: 10.17681/hsp.37594</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Özaşır D, Özüçelik DN, Yazıcıoğlu M, et al. Evaluation of the affecting factors for pediatric trauma patients in the adult emergency medicine department: Preliminary study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2015;2(2):178–186. doi: 10.17681/hsp.37594</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiruneh BT, Bifftu BB, Dachew BA. Prevalence and factors associated with road traffic incident among adolescents and children in the hospitals of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. BMC Emergency Med. 2019;19(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12873-019-0238-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tiruneh B.T., Bifftu B.B., Dachew B.A. Prevalence and factors associated with road traffic incident among adolescents and children in the hospitals of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia // BMC Emergency Med. 2019. Vol. 19, N 1. P. 25. doi: 10.1186/s12873-019-0238-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Tiruneh BT, Bifftu BB, Dachew BA. Prevalence and factors associated with road traffic incident among adolescents and children in the hospitals of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. BMC Emergency Med. 2019;19(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12873-019-0238-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dagnaw Y, Fenta B, Yetwale A, et al. Mechanisms, pattern and outcome of pediatrics trauma at agaro general hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021. Health Services Res Managerial Epidemiol. 2022;9:23333928221101975. doi: 10.1177/23333928221101975</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dagnaw Y., Fenta B., Yetwale A., et al. Mechanisms, pattern and outcome of pediatrics trauma at agaro general hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021 // Health Services Res Managerial Epidemiol. 2022. N 9. P. 23333928221101975. doi: 10.1177/23333928221101975</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Dagnaw Y, Fenta B, Yetwale A, et al. Mechanisms, pattern and outcome of pediatrics trauma at agaro general hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021. Health Services Res Managerial Epidemiol. 2022;9:23333928221101975. doi: 10.1177/23333928221101975</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naqvi G, Johansson G, Yip G, et al. Mechanisms, patterns and outcomes of paediatric polytrauma in a UK major trauma centre. Ann Royal College Surg England. 2017;99(1):39–45. doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naqvi G., Johansson G., Yip G., et al. Mechanisms, patterns and outcomes of paediatric polytrauma in a UK major trauma centre // Ann Royal College Surg England. 2017. Vol. 99, N 1. P. 39–45. doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Naqvi G, Johansson G, Yip G, et al. Mechanisms, patterns and outcomes of paediatric polytrauma in a UK major trauma centre. Ann Royal College Surg England. 2017;99(1):39–45. doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ndung’u A, Sun J, Musau J, Ndirangu E. Patterns and outcomes of paediatric trauma at a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya. Afr J Emerg Med. 2019;9(Suppl):S47–51. doi: 10.1016/j.afjem.2018.12.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ndung’u A., Sun J., Musau J., Ndirangu E. Patterns and outcomes of paediatric trauma at a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya // Afr J Emerg Med. 2019. Vol. 9, Suppl. P. S47–51. doi: 10.1016/j.afjem.2018.12.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ndung’u A, Sun J, Musau J, Ndirangu E. Patterns and outcomes of paediatric trauma at a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya. Afr J Emerg Med. 2019;9(Suppl):S47–51. doi: 10.1016/j.afjem.2018.12.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorenson SB. Gender disparities in injury mortality: Consistent, persistent, and larger than you’d think. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(Suppl. 1):S353–358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorenson S.B. Gender disparities in injury mortality: Consistent, persistent, and larger than you’d think // Am J Public Health. 2011. Vol. 101, Suppl. 1. P. S353–358. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.300029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Sorenson SB. Gender disparities in injury mortality: Consistent, persistent, and larger than you’d think. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(Suppl. 1):S353–358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bedry T, Tadele H. Pattern and outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury at hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Observational cross-sectional study. Emerg Med Int. 2020;2020:1965231. doi: 10.1155/2020/1965231</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bedry T., Tadele H. Pattern and outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury at hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Observational cross-sectional study // Emerg Med Int. 2020. Vol. 2020. P. 1965231. doi: 10.1155/2020/1965231</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Bedry T, Tadele H. Pattern and outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury at hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Observational cross-sectional study. Emerg Med Int. 2020;2020:1965231. doi: 10.1155/2020/1965231</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alomani H, Fareed A, Ibrahim H, et al. Pediatric trauma at a single center in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2021;41(3):165–170. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alomani H., Fareed A., Ibrahim H., et al. Pediatric trauma at a single center in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia // Ann Saudi Med. 2021. Vol. 41, N 3. P. 165–170. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Alomani H, Fareed A, Ibrahim H, et al. Pediatric trauma at a single center in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2021;41(3):165–170. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alemayehu S, Afera B, Kidanu K, Belete T. Management outcome of burn injury and associated factors among hospitalized children at ayder referral hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. Int J Pediatrics. 2020;2020:9136256. doi: 10.1155/2020/9136256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alemayehu S., Afera B., Kidanu K., Belete T. Management outcome of burn injury and associated factors among hospitalized children at ayder referral hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia // Int J Pediatrics. 2020. Vol. 2020. P. 9136256. doi: 10.1155/2020/9136256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Alemayehu S, Afera B, Kidanu K, Belete T. Management outcome of burn injury and associated factors among hospitalized children at ayder referral hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. Int J Pediatrics. 2020;2020:9136256. doi: 10.1155/2020/9136256</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ntundu SH, Herman AM, Kishe A, et al. Patterns and outcomes of patients with abdominal trauma on operative management from northern Tanzania: A prospective single centre observational study. BMC Surg. 2019;19(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0530-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ntundu S.H., Herman A.M., Kishe A., et al. Patterns and outcomes of patients with abdominal trauma on operative management from northern Tanzania: A prospective single centre observational study // BMC Surg. 2019. Vol. 19, N 1. P. 69. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0530-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ntundu SH, Herman AM, Kishe A, et al. Patterns and outcomes of patients with abdominal trauma on operative management from northern Tanzania: A prospective single centre observational study. BMC Surg. 2019;19(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0530-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fylli C, Schipper IB, Krijnen P. Pediatric trauma in the netherlands: Incidence, mechanism of injury and in-hospital mortality. World J Surg. 2023;47(5):1116–1128. doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06852-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fylli C., Schipper I.B., Krijnen P. Pediatric trauma in the netherlands: Incidence, mechanism of injury and in-hospital mortality // World J Surg. 2023. Vol. 47, N 5. P. 1116–1128. doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06852-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Fylli C, Schipper IB, Krijnen P. Pediatric trauma in the netherlands: Incidence, mechanism of injury and in-hospital mortality. World J Surg. 2023;47(5):1116–1128. doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06852-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spering C, Müller G, Füzesi L, et al. Prevention of severe injuries of child passengers in motor vehicle accidents: Is re-boarding sufficient? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;48(5):3989–3996. doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-01917-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spering C., Müller G., Füzesi L., et al. Prevention of severe injuries of child passengers in motor vehicle accidents: Is re-boarding sufficient? // Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022. Vol. 48, N 5. P. 3989–3996. doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-01917-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Spering C, Müller G, Füzesi L, et al. Prevention of severe injuries of child passengers in motor vehicle accidents: Is re-boarding sufficient? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;48(5):3989–3996. doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-01917-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siedin MS, Plis SS, Klevno VA. Forensic evaluation of ankle injury sustained as a result of a hoverboard impact: Case from practice. Russ J Forensic Med. 2022;8(1):19–24. doi: 10.17816/fm692</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siedin M.S., Plis S.S., Klevno V.A. Forensic evaluation of ankle injury sustained as a result of a hoverboard impact: Case from practice // Russ J Forensic Med. 2022. Vol. 8, N 1. P. 19–24. doi: 10.17816/fm692</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Siedin MS, Plis SS, Klevno VA. Forensic evaluation of ankle injury sustained as a result of a hoverboard impact: Case from practice. Russ J Forensic Med. 2022;8(1):19–24. doi: 10.17816/fm692</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castelão M, Lopes G, Vieira M. Epidemiology of major paediatric trauma in a European Country ― trends of a decade. BMC Pediatrics. 2023;23(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-03956-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castelão M., Lopes G., Vieira M. Epidemiology of major paediatric trauma in a European Country: Trends of a decade // BMC Pediatrics. 2023. Vol. 23, N 1. P. 194. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-03956-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Castelão M, Lopes G, Vieira M. Epidemiology of major paediatric trauma in a European Country ― trends of a decade. BMC Pediatrics. 2023;23(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-03956-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siedin MS, Plis SS, Klevno VA. Electric scooters and associated injuries: Forensic aspects. Russ J Forensic Med. 2022;8(4):77–88. doi: 10.17816/fm758</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siedin M.S., Plis S.S., Klevno V.A. Electric scooters and associated injuries: Forensic aspects // Russ J Forensic Med. 2022. Vol. 8, N 4. P. 77–88. doi: 10.17816/fm758</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Siedin MS, Plis SS, Klevno VA. Electric scooters and associated injuries: Forensic aspects. Russ J Forensic Med. 2022;8(4):77–88. doi: 10.17816/fm758</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li YB, Vishniakova MV, Klevno VА. Determination of the mechanism of formation of cranio-brain injury in consideration of the data of multispiral computed tomography: A case from expert practice. Russ J Forensic Med. 2022;8(3):85–92. doi: 10.17816/fm736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y.B., Vishniakova M.V., Klevno V.А. Determination of the mechanism of formation of cranio-brain injury in consideration of the data of multispiral computed tomography: A case from expert practice // Russ J Forensic Med. 2022. Vol. 8, N 3. P. 85–92. doi: 10.17816/fm736</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Li YB, Vishniakova MV, Klevno VА. Determination of the mechanism of formation of cranio-brain injury in consideration of the data of multispiral computed tomography: A case from expert practice. Russ J Forensic Med. 2022;8(3):85–92. doi: 10.17816/fm736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forjuoh SN. Burns in low- and middle-income countries: A review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention. Burns. 2006;32(5):529–537. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forjuoh S.N. Burns in low- and middle-income countries: A review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention // Burns. 2006. Vol. 32, N 5. P. 529–537. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Forjuoh SN. Burns in low- and middle-income countries: A review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention. Burns. 2006;32(5):529–537. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen G, Smith GA, Ranbom L, et al. Incidence and pattern of burn injuries among children with disabilities. J Trauma. 2007;62(3):682–686. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000203760.47151.28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen G., Smith G.A., Ranbom L., et al. Incidence and pattern of burn injuries among children with disabilities // J Trauma. 2007. Vol. 62, N 3. P. 682–686. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000203760.47151.28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Chen G, Smith GA, Ranbom L, et al. Incidence and pattern of burn injuries among children with disabilities. J Trauma. 2007;62(3):682–686. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000203760.47151.28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poulos RG, Hayen A, Chong SS, Finch CF. Geographic mapping as a tool for identifying communities at high risk of fire and burn injuries in children. Burns. 2009;35(3):417–424. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2008.08.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poulos R.G., Hayen A., Chong S.S., Finch C.F. Geographic mapping as a tool for identifying communities at high risk of fire and burn injuries in children // Burns. 2009. Vol. 35, N 3. P. 417–424. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2008.08.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Poulos RG, Hayen A, Chong SS, Finch CF. Geographic mapping as a tool for identifying communities at high risk of fire and burn injuries in children. Burns. 2009;35(3):417–424. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2008.08.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tirmizi SZ, Mirza FH, Mangi P, Yaseen WS. Pattern of burn injuries and outcome in children. J Dow Uni Health Sci. 2013;7(1):41–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tirmizi S.Z., Mirza F.H., Mangi P., Yaseen W.S. Pattern of burn injuries and outcome in children // J Dow Uni Health Sci. 2013. Vol. 7, N 1. P. 41–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Tirmizi SZ, Mirza FH, Mangi P, Yaseen WS. Pattern of burn injuries and outcome in children. J Dow Uni Health Sci. 2013;7(1):41–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansen OM, Mikkelsen R, Eskol JR, Brink O. Characteristics and outcomes of paediatric patients admitted to a Danish level-1 trauma centre. Dan Med J. 2020;67(7):A10190581.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansen O.M., Mikkelsen R., Eskol J.R., Brink O. Characteristics and outcomes of paediatric patients admitted to a Danish level-1 trauma centre // Dan Med J. 2020. Vol. 67, N 7. P. A10190581.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Hansen OM, Mikkelsen R, Eskol JR, Brink O. Characteristics and outcomes of paediatric patients admitted to a Danish level-1 trauma centre. Dan Med J. 2020;67(7):A10190581.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim EK, Suri D, Mahajan A, et al. Patterns of head and neck injuries in urban India: A multicenter study. OTO Open. 2022;6(4):2473974X221128217. doi: 10.1177/2473974X221128217</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim E.K., Suri D., Mahajan A., et al. Patterns of head and neck injuries in urban India: A multicenter study // OTO Open. 2022. Vol. 6, N 4. P. 2473974X221128217. doi: 10.1177/2473974X221128217</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kim EK, Suri D, Mahajan A, et al. Patterns of head and neck injuries in urban India: A multicenter study. OTO Open. 2022;6(4):2473974X221128217. doi: 10.1177/2473974X221128217</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alghnam S, Jastaniah E, Alwahaibi W, et al. The prevalence of head and facial injuries among children in Saudi Arabia following road traffic crashes. Ann Saudi Med. 2020;40(5):417–424. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alghnam S., Jastaniah E., Alwahaibi W., et al. The prevalence of head and facial injuries among children in Saudi Arabia following road traffic crashes // Ann Saudi Med. 2020. Vol. 40, N 5. P. 417–424. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Alghnam S, Jastaniah E, Alwahaibi W, et al. The prevalence of head and facial injuries among children in Saudi Arabia following road traffic crashes. Ann Saudi Med. 2020;40(5):417–424. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rothman L, Schwartz N, Cloutier MS, et al. Child pedestrian and cyclist injuries, and the built and social environment across Canadian cities: The Child Active Transportation Safety and the Environment Study (CHASE). Inj Prev. 2022;28(4):311–317. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044459</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothman L., Schwartz N., Cloutier M.S., et al. Child pedestrian and cyclist injuries, and the built and social environment across Canadian cities: The Child Active Transportation Safety and the Environment Study (CHASE) // Inj Prev. 2022. Vol. 28, N 4. P. 311–317. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044459</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Rothman L, Schwartz N, Cloutier MS, et al. Child pedestrian and cyclist injuries, and the built and social environment across Canadian cities: The Child Active Transportation Safety and the Environment Study (CHASE). Inj Prev. 2022;28(4):311–317. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044459</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruna-Rosso C, Ballout N, Arnoux PJ, et al. When epidemiological databases inform injury mechanisms: Biomechanical analysis of injury associations. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14889-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruna-Rosso C., Ballout N., Arnoux P.J., et al. When epidemiological databases inform injury mechanisms: Biomechanical analysis of injury associations // BMC Public Health. 2023. Vol. 23, N 1. P. 82. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14889-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Bruna-Rosso C, Ballout N, Arnoux PJ, et al. When epidemiological databases inform injury mechanisms: Biomechanical analysis of injury associations. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14889-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bass CR, Yoganandan N. Skull and facial bone injury biomechanics. In: Accidental injury . New York, NY: Springer New York; 2015. Р. 203–220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bass C.R., Yoganandan N. Skull and facial bone injury biomechanics. In: Accidental injury. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. Р. 203–220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Bass CR, Yoganandan N. Skull and facial bone injury biomechanics. In: Accidental injury . New York, NY: Springer New York; 2015. Р. 203–220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salzar RS, Lievers WB, Bailey AM. Accidental injury. Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, editors. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salzar R.S., Lievers W.B., Bailey A.M. Accidental injury. Yoganandan N., Nahum A.M., Melvin J.W., editors. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Salzar RS, Lievers WB, Bailey AM. Accidental injury. Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, editors. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fadl SA, Sandstrom CK. Pattern recognition: A mechanism-based approach to injury detection after motor vehicle collisions. Radiographics. 2019;39(3):857–876. doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fadl S.A., Sandstrom C.K. Pattern recognition: A mechanism-based approach to injury detection after motor vehicle collisions // Radiographics. 2019. Vol. 39, N 3. P. 857–876. doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Fadl SA, Sandstrom CK. Pattern recognition: A mechanism-based approach to injury detection after motor vehicle collisions. Radiographics. 2019;39(3):857–876. doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180063</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegel JH, Mason-Gonzalez S, Dischinger P, et al. Safety belt restraints and compartment intrusions in frontal and lateral motor vehicle crashes: Mechanisms of injuries, complications, and acute care costs. J Trauma. 1993;34(5):736–758; discussion 758-9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199305000-00017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siegel J.H., Mason-Gonzalez S., Dischinger P., et al. Safety belt restraints and compartment intrusions in frontal and lateral motor vehicle crashes: Mechanisms of injuries, complications, and acute care costs // J Trauma. 1993. Vol. 34, N 5. P. 736–758; discussion 758-9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199305000-00017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Siegel JH, Mason-Gonzalez S, Dischinger P, et al. Safety belt restraints and compartment intrusions in frontal and lateral motor vehicle crashes: Mechanisms of injuries, complications, and acute care costs. J Trauma. 1993;34(5):736–758; discussion 758-9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199305000-00017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weninger P, Hertz H. Factors influencing the injury pattern and injury severity after high speed motor vehicle accident: A retrospective study. Resuscitation. 2007;75(1):35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.03.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weninger P., Hertz H. Factors influencing the injury pattern and injury severity after high speed motor vehicle accident: A retrospective study // Resuscitation. 2007. Vol. 75, N 1. P. 35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.03.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Weninger P, Hertz H. Factors influencing the injury pattern and injury severity after high speed motor vehicle accident: A retrospective study. Resuscitation. 2007;75(1):35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.03.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King AI. The biomechanics of impact injury. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. 662 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King A.I. The biomechanics of impact injury. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. 662 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">King AI. The biomechanics of impact injury. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. 662 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He S, Lunnen JC, Puvanachandra P, et al. Global childhood unintentional injury study: multisite surveillance data. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(3):e79–84. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301607</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He S., Lunnen J.C., Puvanachandra P., et al. Global childhood unintentional injury study: Multisite surveillance data // Am J Public Health. 2014. Vol. 104, N 3. P. e79–84. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301607</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">He S, Lunnen JC, Puvanachandra P, et al. Global childhood unintentional injury study: multisite surveillance data. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(3):e79–84. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301607</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, et al. Disease control priorities, Third edition (Vol. 1): Essential surgery. The World Bank; 2015. 442 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debas H.T., Donkor P., Gawande A., et al. Disease control priorities, Third edition (vol. 1): Essential surgery. The World Bank, 2015. 442 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, et al. Disease control priorities, Third edition (Vol. 1): Essential surgery. The World Bank; 2015. 442 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen AD, Gurfinkel R, Glezinger R, et al. Pediatric burns in the Bedouin population in southern Israel. Sci World J. 2007;(7):1842–1847. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2007.239</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen A.D., Gurfinkel R., Glezinger R., et al. Pediatric burns in the Bedouin population in southern Israel // Sci World J. 2007. Vol. 7. Р. 1842–1847. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2007.239</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Cohen AD, Gurfinkel R, Glezinger R, et al. Pediatric burns in the Bedouin population in southern Israel. Sci World J. 2007;(7):1842–1847. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2007.239</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mashreky SR, Rahman A, Chowdhury SM, et al. Epidemiology of childhood burn: Yield of largest community based injury survey in Bangladesh. Burns. 2008;34(6):856–862. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.09.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mashreky S.R., Rahman A., Chowdhury S.M., et al. Epidemiology of childhood burn: Yield of largest community based injury survey in Bangladesh // Burns. 2008. Vol. 34, N 6. P. 856–862. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.09.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Mashreky SR, Rahman A, Chowdhury SM, et al. Epidemiology of childhood burn: Yield of largest community based injury survey in Bangladesh. Burns. 2008;34(6):856–862. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.09.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akansel N, Yılmaz S, Aydin N, Kahveci R. Etiology of burn injuries among 0–6 aged children in One University Hospital Burn Unit, Bursa, Turkey. Int J Caring Sci. 2013;6(2):208–216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akansel N., Yılmaz S., Aydin N., Kahveci R. Etiology of burn injuries among 0–6 aged children in One University Hospital Burn Unit, Bursa, Turkey // Int J Caring Sci. 2013. Vol. 6, N 2. P. 208–216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Akansel N, Yılmaz S, Aydin N, Kahveci R. Etiology of burn injuries among 0–6 aged children in One University Hospital Burn Unit, Bursa, Turkey. Int J Caring Sci. 2013;6(2):208–216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
