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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12232</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm12232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспертная практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>临床病例报告</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Forensic medical cytological examination of the trace evidence on the knife’s blade in the case of multiple penetrating stab/cut wounds in the chest with lung damage: a case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебно-медицинское цитологическое исследование следов на клинке ножа при проникающих колото-резаных ранениях грудной клетки с повреждением лёгкого: случай из практики</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Forensic medical cytological examination of the trace evidence on the knife’s blade in the case of multiple penetrating stab/cut wounds in the chest with lung damage: a case report</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-1065</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5968-6328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kidralieva</surname><given-names>Anna P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кидралиева</surname><given-names>Анна Павловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kidralieva</surname><given-names>Anna P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>chetvertnova2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-4689</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1516-0318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorovtsev</surname><given-names>Andrey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоровцев</surname><given-names>Андрей Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fedorovtsev</surname><given-names>Andrey L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>afedorovtsev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3243-0710</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8943-1221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kidraliev</surname><given-names>Ruslan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кидралиев</surname><given-names>Руслан Рустемович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kidraliev</surname><given-names>Ruslan R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>rustemovitch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk regional Bureau of forensic medical examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутское областное бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Irkutsk regional Bureau of forensic medical examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod regional Bureau of forensic medical examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородское областное бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Nizhny Novgorod regional Bureau of forensic medical examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-08-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>349</fpage><lpage>354</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-20"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-10-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/12232">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/12232</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Various trace evidence are often found on the instruments of mechanical injury, including microparticles of human’s damaged organs and tissues. The detection of cells and microparticles of organs and tissues on the instrument of injury confirms its contact with the human body, which is of great evidentiary value.</p> <p>The article presents the results of forensic medical cytological examination of biological evidence taken from the knife’s blade in the case of multiple penetrating stab/cut wounds in the chest that result in lung damage. Microscopic preparations were made from the traces on knife’s blade, which were stained with fluorochrome solutions (0.0005% aqueous solution of atebrine and 0.01% solution of acridine orange). The study was performed using the luminescent microscope Leica DM2500 (20× and 60× lenses, 10× eyepiece). The examination of microparticles of the striated skeletal muscle revealed areolar connective and fat tissues with capillary and arteriole fragments. The isolated mesothelial cells and type II pneumonocytes were also detected. Fibers of the striated skeletal muscle tissue looked like long multinucleated cells with distinguishing cross-striation. The areolar connective tissue was represented by loosely arranged fibers embedded in the ground substance. Fragments of the fat tissue looked like the clusters of round and oval large cells, tightly pressed together, with capillaries, and arterioles in between. Y-chromatin was detected in the nuclei of most cells. In addition, human blood was found on the knife’s blade.</p> <p>Thus, the study revealed that tiny particles of tissues and isolated human cells of the male genetic sex were detected, their organ–tissue affiliation was established, which is a valuable diagnostic finding, because it confirms the contact of the trauma instrument with the human body.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На орудиях механической травмы нередко встречаются различные следы и среди них ― микрочастицы повреждённых органов и тканей человека. Выявление клеток и микрочастиц органов и тканей на орудии травмы подтверждает факт контакта его с телом человека, что имеет большое доказательственное значение.</p> <p>В статье приведены результаты судебно-медицинского цитологического исследования биологических следов на клинке ножа в случае нанесения им множественных проникающих колото-резаных ранений грудной клетки с повреждением лёгкого. Из следов-наложений на клинке ножа были приготовлены микроскопические препараты, которые окрашивали растворами флюорохромов (0,0005% раствором атебрина и 0,01% раствором акридинового оранжевого). Исследование проводили с помощью люминесцентного микроскопа Leica DM2500 (объективы 20× и 60×, окуляр 10×). В ходе исследования обнаружены микрочастицы поперечнополосатой скелетной мышечной ткани, рыхлой неоформленной соединительной ткани и жировой ткани с фрагментами капилляров и артериол. Выявлены также изолированные мезотелиальные клетки и альвеолоциты II типа. Волокна поперечнополосатой скелетной мышечной ткани имели вид вытянутых многоядерных клеток с характерной поперечной исчерченностью. Рыхлая неоформленная соединительная ткань представлена хаотично расположенными волокнами в виде тяжей, которые располагались в основном аморфном веществе, представленном гомогенной бесструктурной субстанцией. Фрагменты жировой ткани имели вид гроздьев из круглых и овальных крупных клеток, плотно прижатых друг к другу, которые были пронизаны капиллярами и артериолами. В ядрах большинства клеток выявлен Y-хроматин. Кроме этого, на клинке ножа обнаружена кровь человека.</p> <p>Таким образом, в результате судебно-медицинской цитологической экспертизы обнаружены микрочастицы тканей и изолированные клетки человека мужского генетического пола, установлена их органно-тканевая принадлежность, что является ценной диагностической находкой, так как подтверждает факт контакта орудия травмы с телом человека.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在机械创伤武器上经常会发现各种痕迹，包括受损人体器官和组织的微粒子。在创伤武器上检测到器官及组织的细胞和微颗粒，可以证实其与人体接触的事实，这具有重要的证据价值。</p> <p>本文介绍对胸部多处穿透性刺伤半肺部损伤时刀刃上生物痕迹的法医细胞学研究结果。根据刀刃上的痕迹制备了显微制剂，并用荧光色素溶液（0.0005%阿的平溶液和0.01%吖啶橙溶液）进行染色。研究是使用Leica DM2500荧光显微镜（20×和60×物镜，10×目镜）进行的。研究显示了，横纹骨骼肌组织、松散未定型结缔组织和脂肪组织的微颗粒中含有毛细血管和微动脉。此外，还检测到分离的间皮细胞和II型肺泡细胞。横纹骨骼肌组织的纤维看起来像拉长的多核细胞，具有特征性的横纹。松散的未定型结缔组织表现为杂乱排列的索状纤维，位于无定形的主要物质中，表现为均匀的无结构物质。脂肪组织碎片看起来像一束束圆形和椭圆形的大细胞，相互紧贴，被毛细血管和微动脉穿透。大多数细胞的细胞核中都检测到了Y染色质。此外，刀刃上还发现了人血。</p> <p>因此，作为法医细胞学鉴定的结果，发现了男性遗传性别的组织微粒和分离的人体细胞，确定了它们的器官和组织归属，这是一个有价值的诊断结果，因为它证实创伤武器与人体接触的事实。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forensic cytology</kwd><kwd>biological evidence</kwd><kwd>the instrument of injury</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>судебно-медицинская цитология</kwd><kwd>биологические следы</kwd><kwd>орудие травмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>法医细胞学</kwd><kwd>生物痕迹</kwd><kwd>外伤武器</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorovtsev AL, Rеvnitskaya LA, Koroleva EI, Edelev NS. 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