<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Судебная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10727</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm10727</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Trinitroaromatic explosives: Modern application, toxicological characterization, and methods of determination</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тринитроароматические взрывчатые вещества: современное применение, токсикологическая характеристика, способы определения</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>三硝基芳香族炸药：现代应用、毒理学特征、测定方法</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-1711</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4214-2739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogosyan</surname><given-names>Norayr G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погосян</surname><given-names>Норайр Гургенович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pogosyan</surname><given-names>Norayr G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nulla1@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-0691</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9160-9708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shormanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шорманов</surname><given-names>Владимир Камбулатович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shormanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р фарм. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Professor</p></bio><email>R-WLADIMIR@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5899-0420</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8108-0811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvachakhiya</surname><given-names>Lekso L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Квачахия</surname><given-names>Лексо Лорикович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kvachakhiya</surname><given-names>Lekso L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р фарм. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>lekso82@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-3478</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3400-2710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelchenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельченко</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Omelchenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. фарм. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p></bio><email>eku_adis@krn.mvd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Forensic Expert Center of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Экспертно-криминалистический центр, Главное управление Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации по Краснодарскому краю</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Forensic Expert Center of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-08-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>309</fpage><lpage>318</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-07"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-10-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/10727">https://for-medex.ru/jour/article/view/10727</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Explosives such as tetryl and picric acid, which were common in the past, now have lost their combat relevance. However, they are often used for peaceful purposes individually and in combination with other trinitroaromatic compounds (e.g., trinitrotoluene). As a result of their use, environmental pollution occurs, followed by intoxication of plants, animals, and people. Cases of explosive poisoning during their production are also described.</p> <p>The symptoms of poisoning include both of general disorders and specific phenomena such as skin staining, impaired physiological efficiency of NADPh-dependent enzymes, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity.</p> <p>Previous scientific studies established a trend toward the development of chemical-analytical probes. Various options for the sensor surface of the device and methods for detecting compounds are considered. To determine the explosives, ion mobility spectrometry is widely used, which is very rare for the chemical–toxicological analysis of other groups of compounds.</p> <p>Simultaneously, methods commonly used in the analysis of narcotic and psychotropic substances (gas chromatography/ combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods) are also applicable to determine trinitroaromatic explosives. However, the presence of nitro groups in their structure complicates such an analysis. This problem can be resolved by injecting cold samples directly to the column.</p> <p>Despite the availability of various developed techniques and methods, the possibility of their application to study biological matrices remains insufficient.</p> <p>Therefore, further studies of the chemical–toxicological nature should be conducted to establish the optimal conditions for extracting the substances in question, the parameters of instrumental analysis, and the possibility of storing samples and for solving other problems of forensic medical examination.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Такие распространённые в прошлом взрывчатые вещества, как тетрил и пикриновая кислота, утратили актуальность боевого применения, однако они активно используются в мирных целях как индивидуально, так и в сочетании с другими тринитроароматическими соединениями (например, тринитротолуолом). В результате их применения происходит загрязнение окружающей среды с последующей интоксикацией растений, животных и людей. Описаны также случаи отравлений взрывчатыми веществами в процессе их производства.</p> <p>В симптомах отравления встречаются как общие расстройства, так и специфические явления, в частности окрашивание кожного покрова, нарушение физиологической эффективности НАДФH-зависимых ферментов, гено- и иммунотоксичность.</p> <p>В ходе исследования научной литературы установлена тенденция к разработкам химико-аналитических зондов. Рассматриваются различные варианты сенсорной поверхности прибора и способы детектирования соединений. В определении взрывчатых веществ распространено применение спектрометрии подвижности ионов, что весьма редко для химико-токсикологического анализа других групп соединений. Распространённые в анализе наркотических и психотропных веществ методы (газовая хроматография / сочетание методов высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии) применимы и для определения тринитроароматических взрывчаток, однако присутствие нитрогрупп в их структуре затрудняет подобные исследования. Решением проблемы является применение холодного ввода пробы непосредственно в колонку.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>过去常见的特屈儿和苦味酸等爆炸物已不再具有军事用途，但仍被用于和平目的，或单独使用，或与其他三硝基芳香族化合物（如三硝基甲苯）混合使用。它们的使用造成环境污染，进而导致植物、动物和人类中毒。也有在制造过程中因爆炸物中毒的案例。</p> <p>中毒症状包括全身症状和特殊现象，如皮肤染色、NADP依赖性酶的生理效率受损，以及基因毒性和免疫毒性。</p> <p>对科学文献的研究显示了化学分析探针的发展趋势。研究考虑仪器传感表面的不同变体和化合物的检测方法。离子迁移谱法在爆炸物的测定中很常见，但在其他化合物的化学和毒理学分析中却非常罕见。分析麻醉和精神药物的常用方法（气相色谱法/高效液相色谱法和质谱法的组合）也适用于测定三硝基芳香族炸药，但其结构中硝基的存在使此类研究变得复杂。解决这一问题的方法是将样品直接冷注入色谱柱。</p> <p>虽然已开发的技术和方法多种多样，但对其应用于生物基质检查的可能性研究不够。有必要进行更多的化学和毒理学研究，以确定提取有关物质的最佳条件、仪器分析参数、储存样本的可能性以及法医学鉴定的其他问题解决。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tetryl</kwd><kwd>trinitrotoluene</kwd><kwd>picric acid</kwd><kwd>analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тетрил</kwd><kwd>тринитротолуол</kwd><kwd>пикриновая кислота</kwd><kwd>определение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>特屈儿</kwd><kwd>三硝基甲苯</kwd><kwd>苦味酸</kwd><kwd>测定</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snetkov EA, Zhabbarova MV. The history of explosives. Innovative Sci Res: Online edition. 2021;(2-1):6–22. (In Russ). doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4567917</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Снеткова Е.А., Жаббарова М.В. История развития взрывчатых веществ // Инновационные научные исследования: сетевой журнал. 2021. № 2-1. С. 6–22. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4567917</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Snetkov EA, Zhabbarova MV. The history of explosives. Innovative Sci Res: Online edition. 2021;(2-1):6–22. (In Russ). doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4567917</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khrapkovskiy GM, Nikolayeva EV, Shamov AG, Mikhaylov OV. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene and the mechanism of its gas-phase thermal destruction. Herald Technolog University. 2018;21(1):10–15. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Храпковский Г.М., Николаева Е.В., Шамов А.Г., Михайлов О.В. 2,4,6-Тринитротолуол и механизм его газофазной термодеструкции // Вестник технологического университета. 2018. Т. 21, № 1. С. 10–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Khrapkovskiy GM, Nikolayeva EV, Shamov AG, Mikhaylov OV. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene and the mechanism of its gas-phase thermal destruction. Herald Technolog University. 2018;21(1):10–15. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohan JM, Amreen K, Kulkarni MB. Optimized ink jetted paper device for electroanalytical detection of picric acid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021;(208):112056. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohan J.M., Amreen K., Kulkarni M.B. Optimized ink jetted paper device for electroanalytical detection of picric acid // Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021. N 208. P. 112056. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Mohan JM, Amreen K, Kulkarni MB. Optimized ink jetted paper device for electroanalytical detection of picric acid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021;(208):112056. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112056</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naryzhnyi SY, Kozlov AS, Dolmatov, VY, et al. Effect of modification of tetryl detonation nanodiamonds on combustion of model paste-like propellants. Combustion Explosion Shock Waves. 2021;57(6):678–684. doi: 10.1134/S001050822106006X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naryzhnyi S.Y., Kozlov A.S., Dolmatov V.Y., et al. Effect of modification of tetryl detonation nanodiamonds on combustion of model paste-like propellants // Combustion Explosion Shock Waves. 2021. Vol. 57, N 6. P. 678–684. doi: 10.1134/S001050822106006X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Naryzhnyi SY, Kozlov AS, Dolmatov, VY, et al. Effect of modification of tetryl detonation nanodiamonds on combustion of model paste-like propellants. Combustion Explosion Shock Waves. 2021;57(6):678–684. doi: 10.1134/S001050822106006X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panich AM, Shames AI, Mogilyansky D, et al. Detonation nanodiamonds fabricated from tetryl: Synthesis, NMR, EPR and XRD study. Diamond Related Materials. 2020;(108):107918. doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panich A.M., Shames A.I., Mogilyansky D., et al. Detonation nanodiamonds fabricated from tetryl: Synthesis, NMR, EPR and XRD study // Diamond Related Materials. 2020. N 108. P. 107918. doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Panich AM, Shames AI, Mogilyansky D, et al. Detonation nanodiamonds fabricated from tetryl: Synthesis, NMR, EPR and XRD study. Diamond Related Materials. 2020;(108):107918. doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107918</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolmatov VY, Dorokhov AO, Burkat GK, et al. Electrochemical anodic oxidation of aluminum in the presence of a diamond blend obtained by detonation of tetryl. J Superhard Materials. 2022;44(1):29–36. doi: 10.3103/S1063457622010026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolmatov V.Y., Dorokhov A.O., Burkat G.K., et al. Electrochemical anodic oxidation of aluminum in the presence of a diamond blend obtained by detonation of tetryl // J Superhard Materials. 2022. Vol. 44, N 1. P. 29–36. doi: 10.3103/S1063457622010026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Dolmatov VY, Dorokhov AO, Burkat GK, et al. Electrochemical anodic oxidation of aluminum in the presence of a diamond blend obtained by detonation of tetryl. J Superhard Materials. 2022;44(1):29–36. doi: 10.3103/S1063457622010026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudomazin VV, Telegina EA, Tsvetkova EA. Control of the turnover of industrial explosive materials and their need for the mining industry. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2021;XXXV(12):134–138. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рудомазин В.В., Телегина Е.А., Цветкова Е.А. Контроль оборота промышленных взрывчатых материалов и их потребность в горнодобывающей отрасли // Успехи в химии и химической технологии. 2021. Т. XXXV, № 12. С. 134–138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Rudomazin VV, Telegina EA, Tsvetkova EA. Control of the turnover of industrial explosive materials and their need for the mining industry. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2021;XXXV(12):134–138. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyushchenko AF, Petyushik EE, Rak AL, et al. Application of high-energy explosive materials in industry: A reference manual. Ed. by A.F. Ilyushenko. Minsk: Belorusskaya navuka; 2017. 283 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильющенко А.Ф., Петюшик Е.Е., Рак А.Л., и др. Применение в промышленности высокоэнергетических взрывчатых материалов: справочное пособие / под ред. А.Ф. Ильющенко. Минск: Беларуская навука, 2017. 283 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ilyushchenko AF, Petyushik EE, Rak AL, et al. Application of high-energy explosive materials in industry: A reference manual. Ed. by A.F. Ilyushenko. Minsk: Belorusskaya navuka; 2017. 283 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostapenko YN, Fedorenko VV, Evtyukov AN, et al. Сase of successful therapy of the patient with acute trotyl poisoning by hyperbaric oxygenation as a method of choice. Med Extreme Situations. 2011;(4):91–95. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Остапенко Ю.Н., Федоренко В.В., Евтюков А.Н., и др. ГБО как метод выбора при успешном лечении больного с острым пероральным отравлением тротилом. Клинический случай // Медицина экстремальных ситуаций. 2011. № 4. С. 91–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ostapenko YN, Fedorenko VV, Evtyukov AN, et al. Сase of successful therapy of the patient with acute trotyl poisoning by hyperbaric oxygenation as a method of choice. Med Extreme Situations. 2011;(4):91–95. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penning TM, Su AL, El-Bayoumy K. Nitroreduction: A critical metabolic pathway for drugs, environmental pollutants, and explosives. Chemical Res Toxicol. 2022;35(10):1747–1765. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00175</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penning T.M., Su A.L., El-Bayoumy K. Nitroreduction: A critical metabolic pathway for drugs, environmental pollutants, and explosives // Chemical Res Toxicol. 2022. Vol. 35, N 10. P. 1747–1765. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00175</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Penning TM, Su AL, El-Bayoumy K. Nitroreduction: A critical metabolic pathway for drugs, environmental pollutants, and explosives. Chemical Res Toxicol. 2022;35(10):1747–1765. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00175</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myers SR, Spinnato JA. Tissue distribution and elimination of N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl) in rats. Arch Toxicol. 2007;81(12):841–848. doi: 10.1007/s00204-007-0220-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myers S.R., Spinnato J.A. Tissue distribution and elimination of N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl) in rats // Arch Toxicol. 2007. Vol. 81, N 12. P. 841–848. doi: 10.1007/s00204-007-0220-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Myers SR, Spinnato JA. Tissue distribution and elimination of N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl) in rats. Arch Toxicol. 2007;81(12):841–848. doi: 10.1007/s00204-007-0220-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miliukiene V, Čėnas N. Cytotoxicity of nitroaromatic explosives and their biodegradation products in mice splenocytes: Implications for their immunotoxicity. Zeitschrift Naturforschung C J Biosci. 2008;63(7-8):519–525. doi: 10.1515/znc-2008-7-809</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miliukiene V., Čėnas N. Cytotoxicity of nitroaromatic explosives and their biodegradation products in mice splenocytes: Implications for their immunotoxicity // Zeitschrift Naturforschung C J Biosci. 2008. Vol. 63, N 7-8. P. 519–525. doi: 10.1515/znc-2008-7-809</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Miliukiene V, Čėnas N. Cytotoxicity of nitroaromatic explosives and their biodegradation products in mice splenocytes: Implications for their immunotoxicity. Zeitschrift Naturforschung C J Biosci. 2008;63(7-8):519–525. doi: 10.1515/znc-2008-7-809</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Troup HB. Clinical effects of tetryl (CE powder). Br J Indust Med. 1946;3(1):20–23. doi: 10.1136/oem.3.1.20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Troup H.B. Clinical effects of tetryl (CE powder) // Br J Indust Med. 1946. Vol. 3, N 1. P. 20–23. doi: 10.1136/oem.3.1.20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Troup HB. Clinical effects of tetryl (CE powder). Br J Indust Med. 1946;3(1):20–23. doi: 10.1136/oem.3.1.20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams H. Contact dermatitis within the explosives industry: A case report. Allergies in the workplace. Curr Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;20(3):151–154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams H. Contact dermatitis within the explosives industry: A case report. Allergies in the workplace // Curr Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007. Vol. 20, N 3. P. 151–154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Williams H. Contact dermatitis within the explosives industry: A case report. Allergies in the workplace. Curr Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;20(3):151–154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang H, Li H, Liu L, et al. Molecular simulation studies on the interactions of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its metabolites with lipid membranes. J Physical Chemistry. 2019;123(30):6481–6491. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang H., Li H., Liu L., et al. Molecular simulation studies on the interactions of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its metabolites with lipid membranes // J Physical Chemistry. 2019. Vol. 123, N 30. P. 6481–6491. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Yang H, Li H, Liu L, et al. Molecular simulation studies on the interactions of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its metabolites with lipid membranes. J Physical Chemistry. 2019;123(30):6481–6491. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfaraj WA, McMillan B, Ducatman AM, Werntz CL. Tetryl exposure: Forgotten hazards of antique munitions. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2016;(28):20. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0102-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alfaraj W.A., McMillan B., Ducatman A.M., Werntz C.L. Tetryl exposure: Forgotten hazards of antique munitions // Ann Occup Environ Med. 2016. N 28. P. 20. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0102-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Alfaraj WA, McMillan B, Ducatman AM, Werntz CL. Tetryl exposure: Forgotten hazards of antique munitions. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2016;(28):20. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0102-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stanley JK, Perkins EJ, Habib T, et al. The good, the bad, and the toxic: Approaching hormesis in Daphnia magna exposed to an energetic compound. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47(16):9424–9433. doi: 10.1021/es401115q</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stanley J.K., Perkins E.J., Habib T., et al. The good, the bad, and the toxic: Approaching hormesis in Daphnia magna exposed to an energetic compound // Environ Sci Technol. 2013. Vol. 47, N 16. P. 9424–9433. doi: 10.1021/es401115q</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Stanley JK, Perkins EJ, Habib T, et al. The good, the bad, and the toxic: Approaching hormesis in Daphnia magna exposed to an energetic compound. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47(16):9424–9433. doi: 10.1021/es401115q</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gong P, Guan X, Inouye LS, et al. Toxicogenomic analysis provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of the sublethal toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41(23):8195–8202. doi: 10.1021/es0716352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gong P., Guan X., Inouye L.S., et al. Toxicogenomic analysis provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of the sublethal toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in Eisenia fetida // Environ Sci Technol. 2007. Vol. 41, N 23. P. 8195–8202. doi: 10.1021/es0716352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Gong P, Guan X, Inouye LS, et al. Toxicogenomic analysis provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of the sublethal toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41(23):8195–8202. doi: 10.1021/es0716352</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marshall M, Oxley JC, editors. Aspects of explosives detection. 1 ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2008. 302 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marshall M., Oxley J.C., ed. Aspects of explosives detection. 1 ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008. 302 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Marshall M, Oxley JC, editors. Aspects of explosives detection. 1 ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2008. 302 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patent RUS № 2736785/20.11.2020. Byul. № 32. Fedorkov AN, Fedorkova EA, Kozlov AS, Vinogradova TA. Odorological additive of the smell simulator of cyclic and heterocyclic nitro compounds. (In Russ). Available from: https://patenton.ru/patent/RU2736785C1. Accessed: 13.03.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патент РФ на изобретение № 2736785/20.11.2020. Бюл. № 32. Федорков А.Н., Федоркова Е.А., Козлов А.С., Виноградова Т.А. Одорологическая добавка имитатора запаха циклических и гетероциклических нитросоединений. Режим доступа: https://patenton.ru/patent/RU2736785C1. Дата обращения: 13.03.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Patent RUS № 2736785/20.11.2020. Byul. № 32. Fedorkov AN, Fedorkova EA, Kozlov AS, Vinogradova TA. Odorological additive of the smell simulator of cyclic and heterocyclic nitro compounds. (In Russ). Available from: https://patenton.ru/patent/RU2736785C1. Accessed: 13.03.2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Modafferi D. The interaction of tetryl, a nitroaromatic explosive, with bacterial reaction centres [Master’s thesis]. Quebec (Canada): Concordia University; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modafferi D. The interaction of tetryl, a nitroaromatic explosive, with bacterial reaction centres: Master’s thesis. Quebec (Canada): Concordia University, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Modafferi D. The interaction of tetryl, a nitroaromatic explosive, with bacterial reaction centres [Master’s thesis]. Quebec (Canada): Concordia University; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kikhtenko AV, Yeliseyev KV. Detection of explosive objects: Hardware support of anti-terrorist services. Rossiiskii khimicheskii zhurnal. 2005;XLIX(4):132–137. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кихтенко А.В., Елисеев К.В. Обнаружение взрывоопасных объектов: аппаратурное обеспечение антитеррористических служб // Российский химический журнал. 2005. Т. XLIX, № 4. С. 132–137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kikhtenko AV, Yeliseyev KV. Detection of explosive objects: Hardware support of anti-terrorist services. Rossiiskii khimicheskii zhurnal. 2005;XLIX(4):132–137. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prabu HG, Talawar MB, Mukundan T, Asthana SN. Studies on the utilization of stripping voltammetry technique in the detection of high-energy materials. Combust Explos Shock Waves. 2011;47(1):87–95. doi: 10.1134/S0010508211010126</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prabu H.G., Talawar M.B., Mukundan T., Asthana S.N. Studies on the utilization of stripping voltammetry technique in the detection of high-energy materials // Combust Explos Shock Waves. 2011. Vol. 47, N 1. P. 87–95. doi: 10.1134/S0010508211010126</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Prabu HG, Talawar MB, Mukundan T, Asthana SN. Studies on the utilization of stripping voltammetry technique in the detection of high-energy materials. Combust Explos Shock Waves. 2011;47(1):87–95. doi: 10.1134/S0010508211010126</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patent RUS № 141655/10.06.2014. Byul. № 16. Tretyakov VI, Lobacheva GK, Pavlichenko NV, et al. Device for remote detection of explosives using indicator solutions. (In Russ). Available from: https://www.fips.ru/cdfi/fips.dll/ru?ty=29&amp;docid=141655&amp;ki=PM. Accessed: 15.03.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патент РФ на полезную модель № 141655/10.06.2014. Бюл. № 16. Третьяков В.И., Лобачева Г.К., Павличенко Н.В., и др. Устройство дистанционного обнаружения взрывчатых веществ с использованием индикаторных растворов. Режим доступа: https://www.fips.ru/cdfi/fips.dll/ru?ty=29&amp;docid=141655&amp;ki=PM. Дата обращения: 15.03.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Patent RUS № 141655/10.06.2014. Byul. № 16. Tretyakov VI, Lobacheva GK, Pavlichenko NV, et al. Device for remote detection of explosives using indicator solutions. (In Russ). Available from: https://www.fips.ru/cdfi/fips.dll/ru?ty=29&amp;docid=141655&amp;ki=PM. Accessed: 15.03.2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demircioğlu T, Kaplan M, Tezgin E. A sensitive colorimetric nanoprobe based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with thiram fungicide for determination of TNT and tetryl. Microchemical J. 2022;176(6):107251. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demircioğlu T., Kaplan M., Tezgin E. A sensitive colorimetric nanoprobe based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with thiram fungicide for determination of TNT and tetryl // Microchemical J. 2022. Vol. 176, N 6. P. 107251. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Demircioğlu T, Kaplan M, Tezgin E. A sensitive colorimetric nanoprobe based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with thiram fungicide for determination of TNT and tetryl. Microchemical J. 2022;176(6):107251. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107251</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dasary SS, Senapati D, Singh AK, et al. Highly sensitive and selective dynamic light-scattering assay for TNT detection using p-ATP attached gold nanoparticle. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010;2(12):3455–3460. doi: 10.1021/am1005139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dasary S.S., Senapati D., Singh A.K., et al. Highly sensitive and selective dynamic light-scattering assay for TNT detection using p-ATP attached gold nanoparticle // ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010. Vol. 2, N 12. P. 3455–3460. doi: 10.1021/am1005139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Dasary SS, Senapati D, Singh AK, et al. Highly sensitive and selective dynamic light-scattering assay for TNT detection using p-ATP attached gold nanoparticle. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010;2(12):3455–3460. doi: 10.1021/am1005139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peveler WJ, Roldan A, Hollingsworth N, et al. Multichannel detection and differentiation of explosives with a quantum dot array. ACS Nano. 2016;10(1):1139–1146. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06433</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peveler W.J., Roldan A., Hollingsworth N., et al. Multichannel detection and differentiation of explosives with a quantum dot array // ACS Nano. 2016. Vol. 10, N 1. P. 1139–1146. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06433</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Peveler WJ, Roldan A, Hollingsworth N, et al. Multichannel detection and differentiation of explosives with a quantum dot array. ACS Nano. 2016;10(1):1139–1146. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06433</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koç ÖK, Üzer A, Apak R. High quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot-based fluorescent probes for selective sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2022;5(4):5868–5881. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00717</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koç Ö.K., Üzer A., Apak R. High quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot-based fluorescent probes for selective sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene // ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2022. Vol. 5, N 4. P. 5868–5881. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00717</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Koç ÖK, Üzer A, Apak R. High quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot-based fluorescent probes for selective sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2022;5(4):5868–5881. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00717</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salinas Y, Climent E, Martínez-Máñez R, et al. Highly selective and sensitive chromo-fluorogenic detection of the Tetryl explosive using functional silica nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb). 2011;47(43):11885–11887. doi: 10.1039/C1CC14877J</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salinas Y., Climent E., Martínez-Máñez R., et al. Highly selective and sensitive chromo-fluorogenic detection of the Tetryl explosive using functional silica nanoparticles // Chem Commun (Camb). 2011. Vol. 47, N 43. P. 11885–11887. doi: 10.1039/C1CC14877J</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Salinas Y, Climent E, Martínez-Máñez R, et al. Highly selective and sensitive chromo-fluorogenic detection of the Tetryl explosive using functional silica nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb). 2011;47(43):11885–11887. doi: 10.1039/C1CC14877J</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma Y, Wang S, Wang L. Nanomaterials for luminescence detection of nitroaromatic explosives. TrAC Trends Analytical Chemistry. 2015;(65):13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma Y., Wang S., Wang L. Nanomaterials for luminescence detection of nitroaromatic explosives // TrAC Trends Analytical Chemistry. 2015. N 65. P. 13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ma Y, Wang S, Wang L. Nanomaterials for luminescence detection of nitroaromatic explosives. TrAC Trends Analytical Chemistry. 2015;(65):13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venkatramaiah N, Pereira CF, Mendes RF, et al. Phosphonate appended porphyrins as versatile chemosensors for selective detection of trinitrotoluene. Anal Chem. 2015;87(8):4515–4522. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00772</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venkatramaiah N., Pereira C.F., Mendes R.F., et al. Phosphonate appended porphyrins as versatile chemosensors for selective detection of trinitrotoluene // Anal Chem. 2015. Vol. 87, N 8. P. 4515–4522. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00772</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Venkatramaiah N, Pereira CF, Mendes RF, et al. Phosphonate appended porphyrins as versatile chemosensors for selective detection of trinitrotoluene. Anal Chem. 2015;87(8):4515–4522. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00772</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim TH, Lee BY, Jaworski J, et al. Selective and sensitive TNT sensors using biomimetic polydiacetylene-coated CNT-FETs. ACS Nano. 2011;5(4):2824–2830. doi: 10.1021/nn103324p</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim T.H., Lee B.Y., Jaworski J., et al. Selective and sensitive TNT sensors using biomimetic polydiacetylene-coated CNT-FETs // ACS Nano. 2011. Vol. 5, N 4. P. 2824–2830. doi: 10.1021/nn103324p</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kim TH, Lee BY, Jaworski J, et al. Selective and sensitive TNT sensors using biomimetic polydiacetylene-coated CNT-FETs. ACS Nano. 2011;5(4):2824–2830. doi: 10.1021/nn103324p</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohasseb A. Adsorption of tetryl on the surface of carbon nanocone: A theoretical investigation. Int J New Chem. 2019;6(4):215–223. doi: 10.22034/ijnc.2019.35796</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohasseb A. Adsorption of tetryl on the surface of carbon nanocone: A theoretical investigation // Int J New Chem. 2019. Vol. 6, N 4. P. 215–223. doi: 10.22034/ijnc.2019.35796</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Mohasseb A. Adsorption of tetryl on the surface of carbon nanocone: A theoretical investigation. Int J New Chem. 2019;6(4):215–223. doi: 10.22034/ijnc.2019.35796</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie C, Liu B, Wang Z, et al. Molecular imprinting at walls of silica nanotubes for TNT recognition. Anal Chem. 2008;80(2):437–443. doi: 10.1021/ac701767h</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie C., Liu B., Wang Z., et al. Molecular imprinting at walls of silica nanotubes for TNT recognition // Anal Chem. 2008. Vol. 80, N 2. P. 437–443. doi: 10.1021/ac701767h</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Xie C, Liu B, Wang Z, et al. Molecular imprinting at walls of silica nanotubes for TNT recognition. Anal Chem. 2008;80(2):437–443. doi: 10.1021/ac701767h</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguilar AD, Forzani ES, Leright M, et al. A hybrid nanosensor for TNT vapor detection. Nano Letters. 2010;10(2):380–384. doi: 10.1021/nl902382s</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguilar A.D., Forzani E.S., Leright M., et al. A hybrid nanosensor for TNT vapor detection // Nano Letters. 2010. Vol. 10, N 2. P. 380–384. doi: 10.1021/nl902382s</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Aguilar AD, Forzani ES, Leright M, et al. A hybrid nanosensor for TNT vapor detection. Nano Letters. 2010;10(2):380–384. doi: 10.1021/nl902382s</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang J, Choi N, Park A, et al. Fast and sensitive recognition of various explosive compounds using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis. J Molecular Structure. 2013;(1039):130–136. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang J., Choi N., Park A., et al. Fast and sensitive recognition of various explosive compounds using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis // J Mol Structure. 2013. N 1039. P. 130–136. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Hwang J, Choi N, Park A, et al. Fast and sensitive recognition of various explosive compounds using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis. J Molecular Structure. 2013;(1039):130–136. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chajistamatiou A, Angelis Y, Kiousi P, et al. Discrimination of tetryl samples by gas chromatography: Isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Forensic Chem. 2019;(12):42–45. doi: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.11.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chajistamatiou A., Angelis Y., Kiousi P., et al. Discrimination of tetryl samples by gas chromatography: Isotope ratio mass spectrometry // Forensic Chem. 2019. N 12. P. 42–45. doi: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.11.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Chajistamatiou A, Angelis Y, Kiousi P, et al. Discrimination of tetryl samples by gas chromatography: Isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Forensic Chem. 2019;(12):42–45. doi: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.11.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmgren E, Ek S, Colmsjö A. Extraction of explosives from soil followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis with negative chemical ionization. J Chromatogr A. 2012;(1222):109–115. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmgren E., Ek S., Colmsjö A. Extraction of explosives from soil followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis with negative chemical ionization // J Chromatogr A. 2012. N 1222. P. 109–115. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Holmgren E, Ek S, Colmsjö A. Extraction of explosives from soil followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis with negative chemical ionization. J Chromatogr A. 2012;(1222):109–115. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nilles JM, Connell TR, Sarah TS, Durst HD. Explosives detection using direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry. Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics. 2010;35(5):446–451. doi: 10.1002/prep.200900084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nilles J.M., Connell T.R., Sarah T.S., Durst H.D. Explosives detection using direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry // Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics. 2010. Vol. 35, N 5. P. 446–451. doi: 10.1002/prep.200900084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Nilles JM, Connell TR, Sarah TS, Durst HD. Explosives detection using direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry. Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics. 2010;35(5):446–451. doi: 10.1002/prep.200900084</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cagan A, Schmidt H, Rodriguez JE, Eiceman GA. Fast gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry of explosives from TATP to Tetryl without gas atmosphere modifiers. Int J Ion Mobility Spectrometry. 2010;13(3):157–165. doi: 10.1007/s12127-010-0054-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cagan A., Schmidt H., Rodriguez J.E., Eiceman G.A. Fast gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry of explosives from TATP to Tetryl without gas atmosphere modifiers // Int J Ion Mobility Spectrometry. 2010. Vol. 13, N 3. P. 157–165. doi: 10.1007/s12127-010-0054-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Cagan A, Schmidt H, Rodriguez JE, Eiceman GA. Fast gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry of explosives from TATP to Tetryl without gas atmosphere modifiers. Int J Ion Mobility Spectrometry. 2010;13(3):157–165. doi: 10.1007/s12127-010-0054-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">To KC, Ben-Jaber S, Parkin IP. Recent developments in the field of explosive trace detection. ACS Nano. 2020;14(9):10804–10833. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01579</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">To K.C., Ben-Jaber S., Parkin I.P. Recent developments in the field of explosive trace detection // ACS Nano. 2020. Vol. 14, N 9. P. 10804–10833. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01579</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">To KC, Ben-Jaber S, Parkin IP. Recent developments in the field of explosive trace detection. ACS Nano. 2020;14(9):10804–10833. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01579</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lan EH, Dunn B, Zink JI. Sol-Gel encapsulated anti-trinitrotoluene antibodies in immunoassays for TNT. Chem Materials. 2000;12(7):1874–1878. doi: 10.1021/cm990726y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lan E.H., Dunn B., Zink J.I. Sol-Gel encapsulated anti-trinitrotoluene antibodies in immunoassays for TNT // Chem Materials. 2000. Vol. 12, N 7. P. 1874–1878. doi: 10.1021/cm990726y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Lan EH, Dunn B, Zink JI. Sol-Gel encapsulated anti-trinitrotoluene antibodies in immunoassays for TNT. Chem Materials. 2000;12(7):1874–1878. doi: 10.1021/cm990726y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaw A, Lindhome P, Calhoun RL. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) quenching of Ru(bpy)32+ by the explosives TATP and tetryl [abstract]. J Electrochemical Soc. 2013;160(10):H782. doi: 10.1149/2.005311jes</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaw A., Lindhome P., Calhoun R.L. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) quenching of Ru(bpy)32+ by the explosives TATP and tetryl [abstract] // J Electrochemical Soc. 2013. Vol. 160, N 10. P. H782. doi: 10.1149/2.005311jes</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Shaw A, Lindhome P, Calhoun RL. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) quenching of Ru(bpy)32+ by the explosives TATP and tetryl [abstract]. J Electrochemical Soc. 2013;160(10):H782. doi: 10.1149/2.005311jes</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
